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Brand kept his discovery secret, as alchemists of the time did, and worked with the phosphorus trying unsuccessfully to use it to produce gold. His recipe was: [5] Let urine stand for days until it gives off a pungent smell. [4] (This step was not necessary, as later scientists discovered that fresh urine yielded the same amount of phosphorus). [6]
The patient was a female Viennese matchstick maker who had been exposed to the phosphorus vapors over a five-year period. [10] [11] He named the disease "Phosphorimus chronicus". [3] In 1844 Lorinser reported 22 cases of phossy jaw and established the toxic effects of white phosphorus in matchsticks. [12]
Phosphorus is a finite (limited) resource that is widespread in the Earth's crust and in living organisms but is relatively scarce in concentrated forms, which are not evenly distributed across the Earth. The only cost-effective production method to date is the mining of phosphate rock, but only a few countries have significant commercial reserves.
Phosphorus: 1669 H. Brand: 1669 H. Brand Prepared and isolated from urine, it was the first element whose discovery date and discoverer are recorded. [53] Its name first appears in print in the work of Georg Kaspar Kirchmayer in 1676. Recognised as an element by Lavoisier. [3] 1 Hydrogen: 1671 R. Boyle: 1671 R. Boyle
The following is a table of drugs organized by their year of discovery. Naturally occurring chemicals in plants, including alkaloids, have been used since pre-history. In the modern era, plant-based drugs have been isolated, purified and synthesised anew.
The Alchemist Discovering Phosphorus is a painting by Joseph Wright of Derby originally completed in 1771 then reworked in 1795. [1] The full title of the painting is The Alchymist, in Search of the Philosopher's Stone, Discovers Phosphorus, and prays for the successful Conclusion of his operation, as was the custom of the Ancient Chymical Astrologers.
Some organophosphorus compounds are highly effective insecticides, although some are extremely toxic to humans, including sarin and VX nerve agents. [2] Phosphorus, like nitrogen, is in group 15 of the periodic table, and thus phosphorus compounds and nitrogen compounds have many similar properties.
White phosphorus, yellow phosphorus, or simply tetraphosphorus (P 4) is an allotrope of phosphorus. It is a translucent waxy solid that quickly yellows in light (due to its photochemical conversion into red phosphorus ), [ 2 ] and impure white phosphorus is for this reason called yellow phosphorus.