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A Cephalon-founded study in which patients were administered modafinil, methylphenidate, and a placebo found that modafinil produces "psychoactive and euphoric effects and feelings consistent with [methylphenidate]." [12] Like modafinil, armodafinil is an inhibitor and/or inducer of certain cytochrome P450 enzymes.
Modafinil is a drug that helps keep people awake and alert (wakefulness-promoting agent or "eugeroic"). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Most of the listed modafinil analogues are drugs that specifically target dopamine reuptake (reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a neurotransmitter transporter ) with stronger effects ( selective DRIs with improved potency ...
Repeated administration of modafinil for off-label use, such as increased alertness and cognitive-enhancing effects in sleep deprivation, can lead to drug tolerance, which means that the effectiveness of the drug may decrease over time. Still, modafinil therapy as a eugeroic agent to treat narcolepsy does not typically lead to drug tolerance, i ...
Guanfacine was first described by 1974 [12] and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1986. [10] It is available as a generic medication. [10] In 2022, it was the 275th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 800,000 prescriptions.
A review over a four-year period found that there were few negative effects of stimulant treatment, but stressed the need for longer-term studies. [17] A review of a year long period of prescription stimulant use in those with ADHD found that cardiovascular side effects were limited to transient increases in blood pressure only. [18]
Modafinil (Provigil) and pramipexole (Mirapex) have been suggested for treating cognitive dysfunction associated with bipolar depression, but evidence supporting their use is quite limited. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] In addition, riluzole , a glutamatergic drug used in ALS has been studied as an adjunct or monotherapy treatment in bipolar depression, with ...
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management options are evidence-based practices with established treatment efficacy for ADHD.Approaches that have been evaluated in the management of ADHD symptoms include FDA-approved pharmacologic treatment and other pharmaceutical agents, psychological or behavioral approaches, combined pharmacological and behavioral approaches, cognitive training ...
Dizziness (including vertigo and motion sickness-related symptoms) Extrapyramidal symptoms, a potential side-effect of antipsychotic medications; Gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., peptic ulcers, diarrhea, pyloro spasm, diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis, nausea, and vomiting) Genitourinary disorders (e.g., cystitis, urethritis, and prostatitis)