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  2. HIV/AIDS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS

    HIV is spread by three main routes: sexual contact, significant exposure to infected body fluids or tissues, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding (known as vertical transmission). [18]

  3. Pathogen transmission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen_transmission

    An infectious disease agent can be transmitted in two ways: as horizontal disease agent transmission from one individual to another in the same generation (peers in the same age group) [3] by either direct contact (licking, touching, biting), or indirect contact through air – cough or sneeze (vectors or fomites that allow the transmission of the agent causing the disease without physical ...

  4. Pathophysiology of HIV/AIDS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathophysiology_of_HIV/AIDS

    CD4 T-cell depletion and chronic inflammation are the two signature events that drive HIV pathogenesis and progression to AIDS. Infection of the cells of the CNS cause acute aseptic meningitis, subacute encephalitis, vacuolar myelopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Later it leads to even AIDS dementia complex.

  5. HIV - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV

    While HIV is highly virulent, transmission through sexual contact does not occur when an HIV-positive individual maintains a consistently undetectable viral load (<50 copies/ml) due to antiretroviral treatment. This concept was first proposed by the Swiss Federal Commission for AIDS/HIV in 2008 in what is known as the Swiss Statement.

  6. HIV/AIDS in Europe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Europe

    Estimated prevalence of HIV/AIDS by country 2011. In Western Europe, the routes of transmission of HIV are diverse, including paid sex, sex between men, intravenous drugs, mother to child transmission, and heterosexual sex. However, many new infections in this region occur through contact with HIV-infected individuals from other regions.

  7. Infection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection

    Infection transmission can take place via many potential routes: [29] Droplet contact , also known as the respiratory route , and the resultant infection can be termed airborne disease . If an infected person coughs or sneezes on another person the microorganisms, suspended in warm, moist droplets, may enter the body through the nose, mouth or ...

  8. Outline of infectious disease concepts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_infectious...

    The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to concepts related to infectious diseases in humans.. Infection – transmission, entry/invasion after evading/overcoming defense, establishment, and replication of disease-causing microscopic organisms (pathogens) inside a host organism, and the reaction of host tissues to them and to the toxins they produce.

  9. Prevention of HIV/AIDS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_HIV/AIDS

    Condom in the shape of an AIDS ribbon Various personal lubricants. Consistent condom use reduces the risk of heterosexual HIV transmission by about 80% over the long-term. [21] Where one partner of a couple has HIV infection, consistent condom use results in rates of HIV infection for the uninfected person below 1% per year. [22]