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Coordinate conversion is composed of a number of different types of conversion: format change of geographic coordinates, conversion of coordinate systems, or transformation to different geodetic datums. Geographic coordinate conversion has applications in cartography, surveying, navigation and geographic information systems.
The Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system (acronym ECEF), also known as the geocentric coordinate system, is a cartesian spatial reference system that represents locations in the vicinity of the Earth (including its surface, interior, atmosphere, and surrounding outer space) as X, Y, and Z measurements from its center of mass.
The NAD83 map datum is sufficiently close to WGS84 for initial use. It is best to double check on a mapping site such as WikiMapia. It is best to double check on a mapping site such as WikiMapia. Cordinates obtained in China from commercial sources (Google, Bing, Baidu, etc.) may be obfuscated with GCJ-02 or BD-09 .
The WGS 84 datum surface is an oblate spheroid with equatorial radius a = 6 378 137 m at the equator and flattening f = 1 ⁄ 298.257 223 563. The refined value of the WGS 84 gravitational constant (mass of Earth's atmosphere included) is GM = 3.986 004 418 × 10 14 m 3 /s 2. The angular velocity of the Earth is defined to be ω = 72.921 15 × ...
Geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude have different definitions. Geodetic latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and the surface normal at a point on the ellipsoid, whereas geocentric latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and a radial line connecting the centre of the ellipsoid to a point on the surface (see figure).
This template is designed to convert a set of Swiss coordinates into either the corresponding WGS84 decimal latitude or longitude.It is intended to facilitate the usage of geodata (see {{}}) in articles about subjects for which only Swiss coordinates are readily available.
Using it, it becomes possible to convert regional surveying points into the WGS84 locations used by GPS. For example, starting with the Gauss–Krüger coordinate, x and y, plus the height, h, are converted into 3D values in steps: Undo the map projection: calculation of the ellipsoidal latitude, longitude and height (W, L, H)
Formulas for the Web Mercator are fundamentally the same as for the standard spherical Mercator, but before applying zoom, the "world coordinates" are adjusted such that the upper left corner is (0, 0) and the lower right corner is ( , ): [7] = ⌊ (+) ⌋ = ⌊ ( [ (+)]) ⌋ where is the longitude in radians and is geodetic latitude in radians.