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  2. Continuous-time random walk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous-time_random_walk

    In mathematics, a continuous-time random walk (CTRW) is a generalization of a random walk where the wandering particle waits for a random time between jumps. It is a stochastic jump process with arbitrary distributions of jump lengths and waiting times. [1] [2] [3] More generally it can be seen to be a special case of a Markov renewal process.

  3. Random walk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_walk

    An elementary example of a random walk is the random walk on the integer number line which starts at 0, and at each step moves +1 or −1 with equal probability. Other examples include the path traced by a molecule as it travels in a liquid or a gas (see Brownian motion ), the search path of a foraging animal, or the price of a fluctuating ...

  4. No-three-in-line problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-three-in-line_problem

    The no-three-in-line drawing of a complete graph is a special case of this result with =. [12] The no-three-in-line problem also has applications to another problem in discrete geometry, the Heilbronn triangle problem. In this problem, one must place points, anywhere in a unit square, not restricted to a grid. The goal of the placement is to ...

  5. Maze-solving algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maze-solving_algorithm

    Robot in a wooden maze. A maze-solving algorithm is an automated method for solving a maze.The random mouse, wall follower, Pledge, and Trémaux's algorithms are designed to be used inside the maze by a traveler with no prior knowledge of the maze, whereas the dead-end filling and shortest path algorithms are designed to be used by a person or computer program that can see the whole maze at once.

  6. Probabilistic numerics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probabilistic_numerics

    Bayesian optimization of a function (black) with Gaussian processes (purple). Three acquisition functions (blue) are shown at the bottom. [19]Probabilistic numerics have also been studied for mathematical optimization, which consist of finding the minimum or maximum of some objective function given (possibly noisy or indirect) evaluations of that function at a set of points.

  7. Vieta jumping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieta_jumping

    In number theory, Vieta jumping, also known as root flipping, is a proof technique. It is most often used for problems in which a relation between two integers is given, along with a statement to prove about its solutions. In particular, it can be used to produce new solutions of a quadratic Diophantine equation from known ones.

  8. P versus NP problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P_versus_NP_problem

    This in turn gives a solution to the problem of partitioning tri-partite graphs into triangles, [13] which could then be used to find solutions for the special case of SAT known as 3-SAT, [14] which then provides a solution for general Boolean satisfiability. So a polynomial-time solution to Sudoku leads, by a series of mechanical ...

  9. Turing jump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_jump

    The jump can be iterated into transfinite ordinals: there are jump operators for sets of natural numbers when is an ordinal that has a code in Kleene's (regardless of code, the resulting jumps are the same by a theorem of Spector), [2] in particular the sets 0 (α) for α < ω 1 CK, where ω 1 CK is the Church–Kleene ordinal, are closely ...