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  2. House–Brackmann score - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House–Brackmann_score

    The House–Brackmann score is a score to grade the degree of nerve damage in a facial nerve palsy. The measurement is determined by measuring the upwards (superior) movement of the mid-portion of the top of the eyebrow, and the outwards (lateral) movement of the angle of the mouth. Each reference point scores 1 point for each 0.25 cm movement ...

  3. Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_mandibular_branch...

    Thus the facial artery can be used as an important landmark in locating the marginal mandibular nerve during surgical procedures. [2] Damage can cause paralysis of the three muscles it supplies, which can cause an asymmetrical smile due to lack of contraction of the depressor labii inferioris muscle . [ 3 ]

  4. Mandibular nerve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandibular_nerve

    The mandibular nerve immediately passes between tensor veli palatini, which is medial, and lateral pterygoid, which is lateral, and gives off a meningeal branch (nervus spinosus) and the nerve to medial pterygoid from its medial side. The nerve then divides into a small anterior division and a large posterior division.

  5. Facial nerve paralysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_nerve_paralysis

    Bell's palsy is the most common cause of acute facial nerve paralysis. [3] [4] There is no known cause of Bell's palsy, [5] [6] although it has been associated with herpes simplex infection. Bell's palsy may develop over several days, and may last several months, in the majority of cases recovering spontaneously.

  6. Depressor anguli oris muscle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depressor_anguli_oris_muscle

    Damage to the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve may cause paralysis of the depressor anguli oris muscle. [1] This may contribute to an asymmetrical smile. [1] This may be corrected by resecting (cutting and removing) the depressor labii inferioris muscle, which has a more significant impact on smiling. [1]

  7. Buccal branches of the facial nerve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buccal_branches_of_the...

    The buccal branches of the facial nerve (infraorbital branches), are of larger size than the rest of the branches, pass horizontally forward to be distributed below the orbit and around the mouth. Branches

  8. Pain stimulus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_stimulus

    mandibular pressure - this is the manual stimulation of the mandibular nerve, located within the angle of the jaw; supraorbital pressure - this is the manual stimulation of the supraorbital nerve by pressing a thumb into the indentation above the eye, near the nose. [2]

  9. Cephalometric analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalometric_analysis

    Cephalometric analysis depends on cephalometric radiography to study relationships between bony and soft tissue landmarks and can be used to diagnose facial growth abnormalities prior to treatment, in the middle of treatment to evaluate progress, or at the conclusion of treatment to ascertain that the goals of treatment have been met. [5]