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The modality effect is a term used in experimental psychology, most often in the fields dealing with memory and learning, to refer to how learner performance depends on the presentation mode of studied items.
The worked-example effect is a learning effect predicted by cognitive load theory. [ 1 ] [ full citation needed ] Specifically, it refers to improved learning observed when worked examples are used as part of instruction, compared to other instructional techniques such as problem-solving [ 2 ] [ page needed ] and discovery learning.
In the 1990s, cognitive load theory was applied in several contexts. The empirical results from these studies led to the demonstration of several learning effects: the completion-problem effect; [11] modality effect; [12] [13] split-attention effect; [14] worked-example effect; [15] [16] and expertise reversal effect. [17]
Educational Psychology; Author: bhanu: Software used: Microsoft® PowerPoint® for Microsoft 365: Date and time of digitizing: 17:12, 31 August 2021: File change date and time: 17:12, 31 August 2021: Conversion program: Microsoft® PowerPoint® for Microsoft 365: Encrypted: no: Page size: 720 x 540 pts: Version of PDF format: 1.7
A modality effect is present in chunking. That is, the mechanism used to convey the list of items to the individual affects how much "chunking" occurs. Experimentally, it has been found that auditory presentation results in a larger amount of grouping in the responses of individuals than visual presentation does. Previous literature, such as George Miller's The Magical Number Seven, Plus or ...
Modality effect: That memory recall is higher for the last items of a list when the list items were received via speech than when they were received through writing. Mood-congruent memory bias (state-dependent memory) The improved recall of information congruent with one's current mood. Negativity bias or Negativity effect
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A short (non-inclusive) example comes from the study of Henry Molaison (H.M.): learning a simple motor task (tracing a star pattern in a mirror), which involves implicit and procedural long-term storage, is unaffected by bilateral lesioning of the hippocampal regions while other forms of long-term memory, like vocabulary learning (semantic) and ...