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  2. Sense and reference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense_and_reference

    On this theory, the meaning of a complete sentence consists in its being true or false, [5] and the meaning of each significant expression in the sentence is an extralinguistic entity which Frege called its Bedeutung, literally meaning or significance, but rendered by Frege's translators as reference, referent, 'Meaning', nominatum, etc. Frege ...

  3. Referent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referent

    The triangle of reference, from Ogden and Richards' The Meaning of Meaning. In fields such as semantics, semiotics, and the theory of reference, a distinction is made between a referent and a reference. Reference is a relationship in which a symbol or sign (a word, for example) signifies something; the referent is the thing signified. The ...

  4. Reference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference

    In art, a reference is an item from which a work is based. This may include: an existing artwork; a reproduction (i.e., a photo) a directly observed object (e.g., a person) the artist's memory; Another example of reference is samples of various musical works being incorporated into a new one.

  5. Extensional and intensional definitions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensional_and_in...

    An extensional definition gives meaning to a term by specifying its extension, that is, every object that falls under the definition of the term in question.. For example, an extensional definition of the term "nation of the world" might be given by listing all of the nations of the world, or by giving some other means of recognizing the members of the corresponding class.

  6. Referring expression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referring_expression

    Accurate reference is then not a guarantee of successful reference, and successful reference does not wholly depend on accurate reference. There is, however, a strong positive correlation between them. Proper names, on the other hand, generally achieve reference irrespective of the meaning of the words which constitute them (if any are ...

  7. Direct reference theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_reference_theory

    [3] Direct reference theory is a position typically associated with logical positivism [3] and analytical philosophy. Logical positivist philosophers in particular have significantly devoted their efforts in countering positions of the like of Wittgenstein's, and they aim at creating a "perfectly descriptive language" purified from ambiguities ...

  8. Ideas and delusions of reference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideas_and_delusions_of...

    Ideas of reference and delusions of reference describe the phenomenon of an individual experiencing innocuous events or mere coincidences [1] and believing they have strong personal significance. [2] It is "the notion that everything one perceives in the world relates to one's own destiny", usually in a negative and hostile manner.

  9. Descriptivist theory of names - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptivist_theory_of_names

    In the philosophy of language, the descriptivist theory of proper names (also descriptivist theory of reference) [1] is the view that the meaning or semantic content of a proper name is identical to the descriptions associated with it by speakers, while their referents are determined to be the objects that satisfy these descriptions.