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Seed dormancy is an evolutionary adaptation that prevents seeds from germinating during unsuitable ecological conditions that would typically lead to a low probability of seedling survival. [1] Dormant seeds do not germinate in a specified period of time under a combination of environmental factors that are normally conducive to the germination ...
All chlorides pendant to silicon hydrolyze, but the geminal chlorine on carbon failed to hydrolyze, and the vicinal chlorine eliminated to ethene: beta-silicon effect. The same behavior appeared with n-propyltrichlorosilane. The α and γ isomers resisted hydrolysis, but a hydroxyl group replaced the β chlorine: Scheme 3. Beta silicon effect
Xenia effects in maize. Xenia (also known as the xenia effect) in plants is the effect of pollen on seeds and fruit of the fertilized plant. [1] The effect is separate from the contribution of the pollen towards the next generation.
This case is not isolated. Around the same time, certain varieties of maize could be found with ubiquity across part of South America, suggesting a highly frequented and established trade route existed. Phytolith data from the southeastern United States suggest that two different lineages of maize were introduced from two different sources.
Silicon cycle and balance in the modern world ocean [1] Input, output, and biological silicon fluxes, with possible balance. Total silicon inputs = total silicon outputs = 15.6 Tmol Si yr −1 in reasonable agreement with the individual range of each flux.
Maize rough dwarf (nanismo ruvido) Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) Maize sterile stunt Maize sterile stunt virus (strains of barley yellow striate virus) Maize streak: Maize streak virus (MSV) Maize stripe (maize chlorotic stripe, maize hoja blanca) Maize stripe virus: Maize tassel abortion Maize tassel abortion virus (MTAV) Maize vein enation
The silicon atom has been much discussed as the basis for an alternative biochemical system, because silicon has many chemical similarities to carbon and is in the same group of the periodic table. Like carbon, silicon can create molecules that are sufficiently large to carry biological information.
The silicon to hydrogen bond is longer than the C–H bond (148 compared to 105 pm) and weaker (299 compared to 338 kJ/mol). Hydrogen is more electronegative than silicon hence the naming convention of silyl hydrides. Commonly the presence of the hydride is not mentioned in the name of the compound. Triethylsilane has the formula Et 3 SiH.