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Jet fuel is a mixture of a variety of hydrocarbons. Because the exact composition of jet fuel varies widely based on petroleum source, it is impossible to define jet fuel as a ratio of specific hydrocarbons. Jet fuel is therefore defined as a performance specification rather than a chemical compound. [1]
In performance calculations, airliner manufacturers use a density of jet fuel around 0.80 kg/L (6.7 lb/US gal; 8 lb/imp gal). Specific cases are: Bombardier Aerospace: The Challenger Multi-role Aircraft is a special mission variant of the Bombardier Challenger 650 business jet platform. Bombardier bases performance on the use of fuel with an ...
By 2019, fossil jet fuel production cost was $0.3-0.6 per L given a $50–100 crude oil barrel, while aviation biofuel production cost was $0.7-1.6, needing a $110–260 crude oil barrel to break-even. [19] As of 2020 aviation biofuel was more expensive than fossil jet kerosene, [1] considering aviation taxation and subsidies at that time. [72]
According to Primus Green Energy, the STG+ process converts natural gas into 90+-octane gasoline at approximately 5 US gallons per million British thermal units (65 litres per megawatt-hour). [4] The energy content of gasoline is 120,000 to 125,000 British thermal units per US gallon (9.3 to 9.7 kilowatt-hours per litre), making this process ...
ρ ref is the known density (mass per unit volume) of the reference liquid (typically water). ρ new is the unknown density of the new (green) liquid. RD new/ref is the relative density of the new liquid with respect to the reference. V is the volume of reference liquid displaced, i.e. the red volume in the diagram. m is the mass of the entire ...
The main petroleum component used in blending avgas is alkylate, which is a mixture of various isooctanes. Some refineries also use reformate.All grades of avgas that meet CAN 2–3 [further explanation needed], 25-M82 [further explanation needed] have a density of 6.01 pounds per US gallon (720 g/L) at 15 °C (59 °F).
Specific energy is energy per unit mass, which is used to describe the chemical energy content of a fuel, expressed in SI units as joule per kilogram (J/kg) or equivalent units. [1] Energy density is the amount of chemical energy per unit volume of the fuel, expressed in SI units as joule per litre (J/L) or equivalent units. [2]
On June 20, 2006, DuPont and BP announced that they were converting an existing ethanol plant to produce 9 million gallons (34 000 cubic meters) of butanol per year from sugar beets. DuPont stated a goal of being competitive with oil at $30–$40 per barrel ($0.19-$0.25 per liter) without subsidies, so the price gap with ethanol is narrowing.