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Maximilian Maria Kolbe OFMConv (born Raymund Kolbe; Polish: Maksymilian Maria Kolbe; [a] 8 January 1894 – 14 August 1941) was a Polish Catholic priest and Conventual Franciscan friar who volunteered to die in place of a man named Franciszek Gajowniczek in the German death camp of Auschwitz, located in German-occupied Poland during World War II.
Karl Fritzsch (10 July 1903 – 2 May 1945) was a German SS official who served as deputy and acting commandant at the Auschwitz concentration camp from 1940 to 1941. Fritzsch is best known as the official responsible for the death of priest Maximilian Kolbe and, according to Rudolf Höss, first suggesting using poisonous gas Zyklon B and experimenting with gas chambers for the purpose of mass ...
When priest Maximilian Kolbe heard Gajowniczek cry out in agony over the fate of his family, he offered himself instead, for which he was later canonized. The switch was permitted. After two weeks, Kolbe (prisoner number 16670) and the three other survivors were put to death by an injection of carbolic acid. [2] [1] Gajowniczek as a soldier ...
In 1914, Kolbe professed final vows, taking the name Br. Maximilian Maria Kolbe. He would be ordained a priest in 1918, at age 24, after studying in Rome. Martin Scorsese Brings John The Baptist's ...
Saint Maximilian Kolbe: January 8, 1894: August 14, 1941: 47 Polish Saint. Conventual Franciscan friar who volunteered to die in place of Polish Army Sergeant Franciszek Gajowniczek, who was a stranger to him. Gertrud Kolmar: December 10, 1894: March 1943: 48 Jewish Writer, used the pen name of Gertrud Kolmar (born Gertrud Käthe Chodziesner).
The martyrs Maximilian Kolbe, Giuseppe Girotti and Bernhard Lichtenberg were among those killed in part for aiding Jews. Among the notable Catholic networks to rescue Jews and others were Hugh O'Flaherty's "Rome Escape Line," at the behest of Pope Pius XII, the Assisi Network and Poland's Żegota.
Smith, Jeremiah J., Saint Maximilian Kolbe: Knight of the Immaculata, 2008 ISBN 0-89555-619-7 Manteau-Bonamy, H. M., Immaculate Conception and the Holy Spirit: The Marian Teachings of St. Maximilian Kolbe , 2008 ISBN 978-0913382004
Among the most revered Polish martyrs was the Franciscan, Saint Maximilian Kolbe, who was murdered at Auschwitz-Birkenau, having offered his own life to save a fellow prisoner who had been condemned to death. [105] During the War he provided shelter to refugees, including 2,000 Jews whom he hid in his friary in Niepokalanów. [106]
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