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Presented here are two algorithms: the first, [8] simpler one, computes what is known as the optimal string alignment distance or restricted edit distance, [7] while the second one [9] computes the Damerau–Levenshtein distance with adjacent transpositions. Adding transpositions adds significant complexity.
Stata utilizes integer storage types which occupy only one or two bytes rather than four, and single-precision (4 bytes) rather than double-precision (8 bytes) is the default for floating-point numbers. Stata's proprietary output language is known as SMCL, which stands for Stata Markup and Control Language and is pronounced "smickle". [10]
Excel maintains 15 figures in its numbers, but they are not always accurate; mathematically, the bottom line should be the same as the top line, in 'fp-math' the step '1 + 1/9000' leads to a rounding up as the first bit of the 14 bit tail '10111000110010' of the mantissa falling off the table when adding 1 is a '1', this up-rounding is not undone when subtracting the 1 again, since there is no ...
Comma-separated values (CSV) is a text file format that uses commas to separate values, and newlines to separate records. A CSV file stores tabular data (numbers and text) in plain text, where each line of the file typically represents one data record.
Tab-separated values (TSV) is a simple, text-based file format for storing tabular data. [3] Records are separated by newlines, and values within a record are separated by tab characters.
In Stata, the command newey produces Newey–West standard errors for coefficients estimated by OLS regression. [13] In MATLAB, the command hac in the Econometrics toolbox produces the Newey–West estimator (among others). [14] In Python, the statsmodels [15] module includes functions for the covariance matrix using Newey–West.
Text editors, word processors, and desktop publishing software differ in how they represent whitespace on the screen, and how they represent spaces at the ends of lines longer than the screen or column width. In some cases, spaces are shown simply as blank space; in other cases they may be represented by an interpunct or other symbols. Many ...
The data arrangement consists of a series of columns and rows organized into a tabular format. This specific example uses only one table. The columns include: name (a person's name, second column); team (the name of an athletic team supported by the person, third column); and a numeric unique ID, (used to uniquely identify records, first column).