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The balance of angular momentum or Euler's second law in classical mechanics is a law of physics, stating that to alter the angular momentum of a body a torque must be applied to it. An example of use is the playground merry-go-round in the picture.
A diagram of angular momentum. Showing angular velocity (Scalar) and radius. In physics, angular mechanics is a field of mechanics which studies rotational movement. It studies things such as angular momentum, angular velocity, and torque. It also studies more advanced things such as Coriolis force [1] and Angular aerodynamics.
In an inertial frame of reference (subscripted "in"), Euler's second law states that the time derivative of the angular momentum L equals the applied torque: = For point particles such that the internal forces are central forces, this may be derived using Newton's second law.
Under a constant torque of magnitude τ, the speed of precession Ω P is inversely proportional to L, the magnitude of its angular momentum: = , where θ is the angle between the vectors Ω P and L. Thus, if the top's spin slows down (for example, due to friction), its angular momentum decreases and so the rate of precession increases.
The trivial case of the angular momentum of a body in an orbit is given by = where is the mass of the orbiting object, is the orbit's frequency and is the orbit's radius.. The angular momentum of a uniform rigid sphere rotating around its axis, instead, is given by = where is the sphere's mass, is the frequency of rotation and is the sphere's radius.
Spin-transfer torque (STT) is an effect in which the orientation of a magnetic layer in a magnetic tunnel junction or spin valve can be modified using a spin-polarized current. Charge carriers (such as electrons) have a property known as spin which is a small quantity of angular momentum intrinsic to the carrier.
Depending on the gear ratio of the bicycle, a (torque, angular speed) input pair is converted to a (torque, angular speed) output pair. By using a larger rear gear, or by switching to a lower gear in multi-speed bicycles, angular speed of the road wheels is decreased while the torque is increased, product of which (i.e. power) does not change.
A torque converter is a device, usually implemented as a type of fluid coupling, that transfers rotating power from a prime mover, like an internal combustion engine, to a rotating driven load. In a vehicle with an automatic transmission , the torque converter connects the prime mover to the automatic gear train, which then drives the load.