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In men with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, doctors may recommend adding taxane-based chemotherapy to hormone therapy. [45] This combination likely improves overall and cancer-specific survival by slowing the spread of the cancer. However, taxane-based chemotherapy may cause an increase in side effects. [45]
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) describes a set of highly-related glycoproteins involved in cell adhesion. CEA is normally produced in gastrointestinal tissue during fetal development, but the production stops before birth. Consequently, CEA is usually present at very low levels in the blood of healthy adults (about 2–4 ng/mL). [2]
While the increased serum concentration of calcitonin is not harmful, it is useful as a marker which can be tested in blood. [5] A second marker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), also produced by medullary thyroid carcinoma, is released into the blood and it is useful as a serum or blood tumor marker. In general, measurement of serum CEA is less ...
If fluid from the cyst is aspirated, the CEA level is typically elevated. [5] Confirmation of the diagnosis with tissue is rarely necessary. [5] By histopathology, IPMN is characterized on light microscopy by Mucinous epithelial cells, [6] and growth within the pancreatic ducts. [7] Mucin 5AC is a useful immunohistochemistry marker. [8]
This occurs most commonly after the treatment of lymphomas and leukemias and in particular when treating non-Hodgkin lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This is a potentially fatal complication and people at an increased risk for TLS should be closely monitored while receiving chemotherapy and should ...
The systems of the body most affected by chemotherapy drugs include visual and semantic memory, attention and motor coordination and executive functioning. [9] [10] These effects can impair a chemotherapy patient's ability to understand and make decisions regarding treatment, perform in school or employment and can reduce quality of life. [10]
Motor and autonomic symptoms are less frequent but possible. Symptoms may start days after the patient receives their first dose of chemotherapy, are dose dependent, and tend to improve after completion of treatment. However, in some cases, symptoms can persist six months or later following the completion of chemotherapy. [8]
Symptoms vary widely between sources of toxicity, dosage, length of time patient was exposed to the toxic substance, patient history, and patient genetics. Especially in the case of leukoencephalopathy developing due to substance use or environmental toxins, symptoms typically do not develop until several days to months after exposure to the ...