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Zika fever, also known as Zika virus disease or simply Zika, is an infectious disease caused by the Zika virus. [1] Most cases have no symptoms, but when present they are usually mild and can resemble dengue fever. [1] [4] Symptoms may include fever, red eyes, joint pain, headache, and a maculopapular rash.
TORCH syndrome is a cluster of symptoms caused by congenital infection with toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, and other organisms including syphilis, parvovirus, and Varicella zoster. [1] Zika virus is considered the most recent member of TORCH infections. [2]
Zika fever (also known as Zika virus disease) is an illness caused by Zika virus. [80] Around 80% of cases are estimated to be asymptomatic, though the accuracy of this figure is hindered by the wide variance in data quality, and figures from different outbreaks can vary significantly. [ 81 ]
The Flaviviridae are part of RNA virus supergroup II, which includes certain plant viruses and bacterial viruses. [2] The family has four genera: [1] [2] Genus Flavivirus, renamed Orthoflavivirus in 2023, (includes Dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis, Kyasanur Forest disease, Powassan virus, West Nile virus, Yellow fever virus, and Zika virus)
A Zika virus infection might be suspected if symptoms are present and an individual has traveled to an area with known Zika virus transmission. [33] Zika virus can only be confirmed by a laboratory test of body fluids, such as urine or saliva, or by blood test. [33]
Sandfly species transmit the disease leishmaniasis, by acting as vectors for protozoan Leishmania species, and tsetse flies transmit protozoan trypansomes (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypansoma brucei rhodesiense) which cause African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). Ticks and lice form another large group of invertebrate vectors.
Viral pathogenesis is the study of the process and mechanisms by which viruses cause diseases in their target hosts, often at the cellular or molecular level. It is a specialized field of study in virology. [1] Pathogenesis is a qualitative description of the process by which an initial infection causes disease. [2]
Human T-lymphotropic virus [9] Syphilis [10] Zika fever, caused by Zika virus, can cause microcephaly and other brain defects in the child. [11] COVID-19 in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth with an odds ratio of approximately 2. [12] Hepatitis B may also be classified as a vertically transmitted infection.