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uPVC or vinyl sash windows have become available since the first PVC window frames were being introduced in Germany in the 1960s. [8] They have come to dominate the window industry with more than 50% of all window sashes being made of vinyl in the USA as of 2017 [citation needed]. The waterproof nature of uPVC and ease of installation are also ...
Venetian window at Holkham Hall in Norfolk, England, c. 1734-64. A Venetian window (also known as a Serlian window) is a large tripartite window which is a key element in Palladian architecture.
A window is an opening in a wall, door, roof, or vehicle that allows the exchange of light and may also allow the passage of sound and sometimes air.Modern windows are usually glazed or covered in some other transparent or translucent material, a sash set in a frame [1] in the opening; the sash and frame are also referred to as a window. [2]
Reconstruction of a Mesolithic house in Ireland, Irish National Heritage Park. Architectural advances are an important part of the Neolithic period (10,000-2000 BC), during which some of the major innovations of human history occurred. The domestication of plants and animals, for example, led to both new economics and a new relationship between ...
Romans also made use of glass in construction with colored glass in mosaics and clear glass for windows. Glass came to be fairly commonly used in windows of public buildings. [ 2 ] Central heating in the form of a hypocaust , a raised floor heated by the exhaust of a wood or coal fire.
A villa with a superimposed portico, from Book IV of Palladio's I quattro libri dell'architettura, in an English translation published in London, 1736 Plan for Palladio's Villa La Rotonda (c. 1565) – features of the house were incorporated in numerous Palladian-style houses throughout Europe over the following centuries.
The conical glasshouses of England of the late 17th century introduced to furnaces the use of a chimney and a new plan shape. [3] This development possibly drew off the idea of earlier wind furnaces and the beehive-shaped Venetian style furnaces, known only from historical documents in England.
The defining design element of Gothic architecture is the pointed arch. The use of the pointed arch in turn led to the development of the pointed rib vault and flying buttresses, combined with elaborate tracery and stained glass windows. [4]