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Males comprise 80% of open globe injuries, with men between 10 and 30 years of age at the most significant risk. [5] The mechanism and classification of open-globe injury may also vary by age. Penetrating eye lacerations due to pellet-gun, sport, motor vehicle, or fight-related injuries are more common in adolescent males.
Focal and diffuse brain injury are ways to classify brain injury: focal injury occurs in a specific location, while diffuse injury occurs over a more widespread area.It is common for both focal and diffuse damage to occur as a result of the same event; many traumatic brain injuries have aspects of both focal and diffuse injury. [1]
An orbital blowout fracture is a traumatic deformity of the orbital floor or medial wall that typically results from the impact of a blunt object larger than the orbital aperture, or eye socket. [1] Most commonly this results in a herniation of orbital contents through the orbital fractures. [ 1 ]
The terms traumatic brain injury and head injury are often used interchangeably in the medical literature. [1] Because head injuries cover such a broad scope of injuries, there are many causes—including accidents, falls, physical assault, or traffic accidents—that can cause head injuries.
Tadpole pupil is diagnosed and characterized by the abnormality of the pupil shape. The pupil can disorient itself in different ways before it returns to its original shape. [6] For example, the pupil may stretch out to a 7 o'clock position, [6] i.e. the pupil points in the same direction the hour hand on a clock would at 7 o'clock.
Iridodialyses are usually caused by blunt trauma to the eye, [2] but may also be caused by penetrating eye injuries. [7] An iridodialysis may be an iatrogenic complication of any intraocular surgery [10] [11] [12] and at one time they were created intentionally as part of intracapsular cataract extraction. [13]
Major trauma sometimes is classified by body area; injuries affecting 40% are polytrauma, 30% head injuries, 20% chest trauma, 10%, abdominal trauma, and 2%, extremity trauma. [4] [6] Various scales exist to provide a quantifiable metric to measure the severity of injuries. The value may be used for triaging a patient or for statistical analysis.
Marcus Gunn pupil: The left optic nerve and the optic tracts. A Marcus Gunn pupil indicates an afferent defect, usually at the level of the retina or optic nerve. Moving a bright light from the unaffected eye to the affected eye would cause both eyes to dilate, because the ability to perceive the bright light is diminished. Specialty