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There are records of paper being made at Gilgit in Pakistan by the sixth century, in Samarkand by 751, in Baghdad by 793, in Egypt by 900, and in Fes, Morocco around 1100, in Syria e.g. Damascus, and Aleppo, in Andalusia around 12th century, in Persia e.g. Maragheh by 13th century, Isfahan by 14th century, Ghazvin and Kerman, in India e.g ...
India paper is a type of paper which from 1875 has been based on bleached hemp and rag fibres, that produced a very thin, tough opaque white paper. It has a basis weight of 20 pounds (30 g/m 2; typical office paper is 80 g/m 2), yet bulks 1,000 pages to the inch (390 per centimetre). [1] It became popular in particular for the printing of ...
The woolen shawls made from wool in Indian administered Kashmir find written mention between the 3rd century BCE and the 11th century CE. [59] Charkha (Spinning wheel): invented in India, between 500 and 1000 CE. [60] Chintz – The origin of Chintz is from the printed all cotton fabric of calico in India. [61]
Paper. Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, rags, grasses, herbivore dung, or other vegetable sources in water, draining the water through a fine mesh leaving the fibre evenly distributed on the surface, followed by pressing and drying.
History of printing. The history of printing starts as early as 3000 BCE, when the proto-Elamite and Sumerian civilizations used cylinder seals to certify documents written in clay tablets. Other early forms include block seals, hammered coinage, pottery imprints, and cloth printing.
Printing in Goa. The art of printing first entered India through Goa. In a letter to St. Ignatius of Loyola, written on April 30, 1556, [1] Father Gasper Caleza speaks of a ship carrying a printing press setting sail for Abyssinia from Portugal, with the purpose of helping missionary work in Abyssinia. Circumstances prevented this printing ...
Srinivasa Ramanujan Aiyangar [a] (22 December 1887 – 26 April 1920) was an Indian mathematician.Often regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of all time, though he had almost no formal training in pure mathematics, he made substantial contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series, and continued fractions, including solutions to mathematical problems then ...
Shaw emphasizes how the early phase of printing in Calcutta marked a transition between print culture and a culture that depended on a race of scribes. A letter to the editor of the India Gazette (7 April 1781) implies how the easy availability of scribes made printing seem a less urgent step to be introduced by the government.