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[15] [16] It is estimated to affect 0.3–3.6% of pregnant women and is the greatest contributor to hospitalizations under 20 weeks of gestation. Most often, nausea and vomiting symptoms during pregnancy resolve in the first trimester, however, some continue to experience symptoms.
Overall, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure drops 10–15 mm Hg in the first trimester and then returns to baseline in the second half of pregnancy. [6] All of these cardiovascular adaptations can lead to common complaints, such as palpitations, decreased exercise tolerance, and dizziness.
Early pregnancy bleeding (also called first trimester bleeding) is vaginal bleeding before 14 weeks of gestational age. [1] [2] If the bleeding is significant, hemorrhagic shock may occur. [1] Concern for shock is increased in those who have loss of consciousness, chest pain, shortness of breath, or shoulder pain. [1]
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), also known as obstetric cholestasis, cholestasis of pregnancy, jaundice of pregnancy, and prurigo gravidarum, [1] is a medical condition in which cholestasis occurs during pregnancy. [2] It typically presents with itching and can lead to complications for both mother and fetus. [2]
Rates have increased in the developing world. [3] They resulted in 29,000 deaths in 2013 down from 37,000 deaths in 1990. [5] They are one of the three major causes of death in pregnancy (16%) along with post partum bleeding (13%) and puerperal infections (2%). [6]
Signs of false pregnancy include amenorrhea (missed periods), galactorrhea (flow of milk from breast), breast enlargement, weight gain, abdominal growth, sensations of fetal movement and contractions, [1] nausea and vomiting, [1] changes in the uterus and cervix, [1] and frequent urination. [3] Abdominal distention is the most common symptom. [2]
The exact length of each trimester can vary between sources. The first trimester begins with the start of gestational age as described above, that is, the beginning of week 1, or 0 weeks + 0 days of gestational age (GA). It ends at week 12 (11 weeks + 6 days of GA) [4] or end of week 14 (13 weeks + 6 days of GA). [37]
This could also be written as 1-1-1-3. The term GTPAL is used when the TPAL is prefixed with gravidity, and GTPALM when GTPAL is followed by number of multiple pregnancies. [ 18 ] For example, the gravidity and parity of a female who has given birth at term once and has had one miscarriage at 12 weeks would be recorded as G2 T1 P0 A1 L1.