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Order †Ibykales Class †Cladoxylopsida Order †Hyeniales Order †Iridopteridales Order †Steloxylales Order †Pseudosporochnales Order †Cladoxylales Class Polypodiopsida (Ferns)
Thirdly, plant morphology studies plant structure at a range of scales. At the smallest scales are ultrastructure, the general structural features of cells visible only with the aid of an electron microscope, and cytology, the study of cells using optical microscopy. At this scale, plant morphology overlaps with plant anatomy as a field of study.
Plant classification is the placing of known plants into groups or categories to show some relationship. Scientific classification follows a system of rules that standardizes the results, and groups successive categories into a hierarchy. For example, the family to which the lilies belong is classified as follows: Kingdom: Plantae; Division ...
The light-harvesting complex (or antenna complex; LH or LHC) is an array of protein and chlorophyll molecules embedded in the thylakoid membrane of plants and cyanobacteria, which transfer light energy to one chlorophyll a molecule at the reaction center of a photosystem. The antenna pigments are predominantly chlorophyll b, xanthophylls, and ...
Dicotyledon plantlet Young castor oil plant showing its prominent two embryonic leaves (), which differ from the adult leaves. The dicotyledons, also known as dicots (or, more rarely, dicotyls), [2] are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants (angiosperms) were formerly divided.
Bennettitales (also known as cycadeoids) is an extinct order of seed plants that first appeared in the Permian period and became extinct in most areas toward the end of the Cretaceous. Bennettitales were amongst the most common seed plants of the Mesozoic, and had morphologies including shrub and cycad-like forms.
On each individual plant, all flowers share the same morph. The flower morphs differ in the lengths of the pistil and stamens , and these traits are not continuous. The morph phenotype is genetically linked to genes responsible for a unique system of self-incompatibility , termed heteromorphic self-incompatibility , that is, the pollen from a ...
Rehder has been created for these. However, if the plants are selectively propagated for the horticulture trade, a cultivar name is generally used instead. In botanical nomenclature, a form (forma, plural formae) is one of the "secondary" taxonomic ranks, below that of variety, which in turn is below that of species; it is an infraspecific ...