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Materials management is the process of planning and controlling material flows. It includes planning and procuring materials, supplier evaluation and selection, purchasing, expenditure, shipping, receipt processes for materials (including quality control), warehousing and inventory, and materials distribution. [ 6 ]
Supply chain management is a cross-functional approach that includes managing the movement of raw materials into an organization, certain aspects of the internal processing of materials into finished goods, and the movement of finished goods out of the organization and toward the end consumer.
A supply chain is a complex logistics system that consists of facilities that convert raw materials into finished products and distribute them [1] to end consumers [2] or end customers. [3] Meanwhile, supply chain management deals with the flow of goods in distribution channels within the supply chain in the most efficient manner. [4] [5]
Orlicky's 1975 book Material Requirements Planning has the subtitle The New Way of Life in Production and Inventory Management. [2] By 1975, MRP was implemented in 700 companies. This number had grown to about 8,000 by 1981. In 1983, Oliver Wight developed MRP into manufacturing resource planning (MRP II). [3]
Material direction and tracking in a warehouse can be coordinated by a Warehouse Management System (WMS), a database driven computer program. The development of work procedures goes hard in hand with training warehouse personnel. Most firms implement a WMS to standardize work procedure and encourage best practice.
Manufacturing execution systems (MES) are computerized systems used in manufacturing to track and document the transformation of raw materials to finished goods. MES provides information that helps manufacturing decision-makers understand how current conditions on the plant floor can be optimized to improve production output. [1]
Manufacturing Resource Planning or Management resource planning (or MRP2) - Around 1980, over-frequent changes in sales forecasts, entailing continual readjustments in production, as well as the unsuitability of the parameters fixed by the system, led MRP (Material Requirement Planning) to evolve into a new concept .
Raw materials: Materials and components scheduled for use in making a product. Work in process (WIP): Materials and components that have begun their transformation to finished goods. These are used in process of manufacture and as such these are neither raw material nor finished goods. [8] Finished goods: Goods ready for sale to customers.
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