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An intensity-duration-frequency curve (IDF curve) is a mathematical function that relates the intensity of an event (e.g. rainfall) with its duration and frequency of occurrence. [1] Frequency is the inverse of the probability of occurrence. These curves are commonly used in hydrology for flood forecasting and civil engineering for urban ...
June 23–27 – Tropical Storm Debby moved ashore western Florida near Steinhatchee as a weak yet sprawling storm, producing catastrophic flooding across northern and central Florida. Rainfall accumulations peaked at 28.78 inches (731 mm) near Curtis Mill, resulting in hundreds of damaged homes and record river flooding.
The winds destroy 25,524 homes and damage 101,241 others in southern Florida, leaving up to one-quarter million people temporarily homeless. In Homestead, more than 99% of all mobile homes are completely destroyed. Hurricane Andrew causes $25.5 billion in damage (1992 USD, $39.2 billion 2008 USD) in south Florida and 15 direct deaths.
Hurricane Milton, the most recent landfalling Florida major hurricane on October 9, 2024 Approximately 500 tropical and subtropical cyclones have affected the state of Florida . More storms hit Florida than any other U.S. state , [ 1 ] and since 1851 only eighteen hurricane seasons passed without a known storm impacting the state.
Time of concentration is useful in predicting flow rates that would result from hypothetical storms, which are based on statistically derived return periods through IDF curves. [4] [5] For many (often economic) reasons, it is important for engineers and hydrologists to be able to accurately predict the response of a watershed to a given rain event.
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The climate regime for much of the state is humid subtropical (Köppen Cfa), though the Miami Metropolitan Area, southwest Florida from Fort Myers southward, and all of the Florida Keys, qualify as tropical wet-and-dry (Köppen Aw). Florida counties with tropical climates include Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach, Lee, Collier, and Monroe counties.
Nine return-period curves of 50-year samples from a theoretical 1000-year record (base line) The strict notion of return period actually has a meaning only when it concerns a time-dependent phenomenon, like point rainfall. The return period then corresponds to the expected waiting time until the exceedance occurs again.