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Unlike the bitset in C++, the Java BitSet does not have a "size" state (it has an effectively infinite size, initialized with 0 bits); a bit can be set or tested at any index. In addition, there is a class EnumSet, which represents a Set of values of an enumerated type internally as a bit vector, as a safer alternative to bit fields.
Bit fields can be used to reduce memory consumption when a program requires a number of integer variables which always will have low values. For example, in many systems, storing an integer value requires two bytes (16-bits) of memory; sometimes the values to be stored actually need only one or two bits.
This is a high performance, typesafe numerical array set of classes and functions for general math, FFT and linear algebra. The library, developed for .NET/Mono, aims to provide 32- and 64-bit script-like syntax in C#, 2D & 3D plot controls, and efficient memory management. It is released under GPLv3 or commercial license. [10]
By analogy with the mathematical concepts vector and matrix, array types with one and two indices are often called vector type and matrix type, respectively. More generally, a multidimensional array type can be called a tensor type , by analogy with the physical concept, tensor .
MustInherit vs abstract - prevents a class from being directly instantiated, and forces consumers to create object references to only derived classes; MustOverride vs abstract - for forcing derived classes to override this method; MyBase vs base - for referring to the base class from which the current class is derived; NotInheritable vs sealed ...
Composition over inheritance (or composite reuse principle) in object-oriented programming (OOP) is the principle that classes should favor polymorphic behavior and code reuse by their composition (by containing instances of other classes that implement the desired functionality) over inheritance from a base or parent class. [2]
bitset stores series of bits similar to a fixed-sized vector of bools. Implements bitwise operations and lacks iterators. Not a sequence. Provides random access. valarray Another array data type, intended for numerical use (especially to represent vectors and matrices); the C++ standard allows specific optimizations for this intended purpose.
An interface is implemented by a class or extended by another interface in the same way a class is derived from another class using the : notation. Implicit implementation When implicitly implementing an interface the members of the interface have to be public .