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Pancasila economics (Indonesian: Ekonomi Pancasila), also known as "Indonesian populist economics" (Indonesian: Ekonomi kerakyatan Indonesia), is an economic system which aims to reflect the five principles of Pancasila. [1] The term "Pancasila economy" first appeared in an article by Emil Salim in 1967. [2]
Mubyarto (3 September 1938 – 24 May 2005) was an Indonesian economist. He was born in Sleman , in Yogyakarta , and became a professor of economics at Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta specialising in agricultural economics .
Single principle of Pancasila (Asas tunggal Pancasila) was a policy enacted by the New Order regime under President Soeharto starting 1983 compelling political parties and public organisations to declare the national ideology of "Pancasila, as their one and only ideological basis".
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The ideal of Pancasila has not effectively translated into a functioning liberal democracy in Indonesia. Instead, Pancasila has become a symbol of Indonesian exceptionalism, embodying the nation's values and identity. Pancasila is open to abuse, which in this case was the invitation to criminalise all kinds of ideologies but Pancasila itself.
A mixed economy is an economic system that includes both elements associated with capitalism, such as private businesses, and with socialism, such as nationalized government services.
Sumitro (standing, third from left) as part of an Indonesian student football team in 1939. Sumitro was born in Kebumen on 27 May 1917. He was the eldest child of Margono Djojohadikusumo, a high ranking civil servant in the colonial government of the Dutch East Indies and later founder of Bank Negara Indonesia, [1] [2] and Siti Katoemi Wirodihardjo. [3]
Boediono at the 2011 World Economic Forum. Boediono was a Bank of Indonesia deputy governor in charge of fiscal monetary policy from 1997 to 1998 and served as State Minister of National Planning and Development from 1998 to October 1999.