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These data sources include interview transcripts, videos of social interactions, notes, verbal reports [8] and artifacts such as books or works of art. The case study method exemplifies qualitative researchers' preference for depth, detail, and context. [11] [12] Data triangulation is also a strategy used in qualitative research. [13]
A i is the number of data type A at sample site i, B i is the number of data type B at sample site i, K is the number of sites sampled and || is the absolute value. This index is probably better known as the index of dissimilarity (D). [44] It is closely related to the Gini index. This index is biased as its expectation under a uniform ...
Thus, the input to QCA is a data set of any size, from small-N to large-N, and the output of QCA is a set of descriptive inferences or implications the data supports. In QCA's next step, inferential logic or Boolean algebra is used to simplify or reduce the number of inferences to the minimum set of inferences supported by the data. This ...
Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a qualitative form of psychology research. IPA has an idiographic focus, which means that instead of producing generalization findings, it aims to offer insights into how a given person, in a given context, makes sense of a given situation.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wolf, Naomi. The end of America : a letter of warning to a young patriot / Naomi Wolf. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-933392-79-0 1. Civil rights—United States. 2. Abuse of administrative power—United States. 3. National security—United States. 4. United States ...
One key method of data collection and analysis in qualitative methods that is used quite often in criminology is that of progressive focusing. This method involves a researcher beginning with a broad research question or area of investigation, and then progressively narrowing their focus based on their preliminary findings. [ 9 ]
The FDA determined that the data presented in a 2022 color additive petition show that this ingredient causes cancer in male laboratory rats exposed to high levels of FD&C Red No. 3 because of a ...
Fieldnotes are extremely valuable for scientists at each step of their training. [2] In an article on fieldnotes, James Van Remsen Jr. discussed the tragic loss of information from birdwatchers in his study area that could have been taking detailed fieldnotes but neglected to do so.