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Robert J. Marzano is an educational researcher in the United States. He has done educational research and theory on the topics of standards-based assessment , cognition, high-yield teaching strategies, and school leadership, including the development of practical programs and tools for teachers and administrators in K–12 schools.
Solution Tree is a professional development company and publisher of educational material for K–12 educators. Founded in 1998, the company provides services and products that include books, videos, conferences, workshops, consultation, and online courses. [1]
An EAP program focuses instruction on skills required to perform in an English-speaking academic context across core subject areas generally encountered in a college or a university setting. [1] Programs may also include a more narrow focus on the more specific linguistic demands of a particular area of study, for example business subjects.
The Academic Vocabulary List, based on the Academic Word List, drawing from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), was developed by Gardner and Davies in 2013. Rather than relying on word families, like the AWL, the AVL is composed of 3000 English lemmas, and provides a broader coverage of Academic English. [5]
Vocabulary learning is the process acquiring building blocks in second language acquisition Restrepo Ramos (2015). The impact of vocabulary on proficiency in second language performance "has become […] an object of considerable interest among researchers, teachers, and materials developers" (Huckin & Coady, 1999, p. 182).
Passive vocabulary (also called receptive vocabulary) Vocabulary that students have heard and can understand, but do not necessarily use when they speak or write. Passive Opposite of active; the false assumption that the language skills of reading and listening do not involve students in doing anything but receiving information. Peer correction
A vocabulary (also known as a lexicon) is a set of words, typically the set in a language or the set known to an individual. The word vocabulary originated from the Latin vocabulum, meaning "a word, name". It forms an essential component of language and communication, helping convey thoughts, ideas, emotions, and information.
By the age of eighteen months, children typically attain a vocabulary of 50 words in production, and between two and three times greater in comprehension. [5] [7] A switch from an early stage of slow vocabulary growth to a later stage of faster growth is referred to as the vocabulary spurt. [13] Young toddlers acquire one to three words per month.