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Carmine (/ ˈkɑːrmən, ˈkɑːrmaɪn /) – also called cochineal (when it is extracted from the cochineal insect), cochineal extract, crimson lake, or carmine lake – is a pigment of a bright- red color obtained from the aluminium complex derived from carminic acid. [1] Specific code names for the pigment include natural red 4, C.I. 75470 ...
Cochineal use in histology: Carmine staining of a monogenean (parasitic worm) Cochineal continues to be used as a fabric dye, a cosmetics dye and as a food coloring. [4] It is also used in histology as a preparatory stain for the examination of tissues and carbohydrates. [49]
Dactylopius is a genus of insect in the superfamily Coccoidea, the scale insects. It is the only genus in the family Dactylopiidae. [1] These insects are known commonly as cochineals, [2][3] a name that also specifically refers to the best-known species, the cochineal (Dactylopius coccus). The cochineal is an insect of economic and historical ...
Carminic acid (C 22 H 20 O 13) is a red glucosidal hydroxyanthrapurin that occurs naturally in some scale insects, such as the cochineal, Armenian cochineal, and Polish cochineal. The insects produce the acid as a deterrent to predators. [3] An aluminum salt of carminic acid is the coloring agent in carmine, a pigment. [4]
Carmine lake was made from the cochineal insect from Central and South America, Kermes lake came from a different scale insect, Kermes vermilio, which thrived on oak trees around the Mediterranean. Other red lakes were made from the rose madder plant and from the brazilwood tree.
The Armenian cochineal (Porphyrophora hamelii), also known as the Ararat cochineal or Ararat scale, is a scale insect indigenous to the Ararat plain and Aras (Araks) River valley in the Armenian Highlands, including East of Turkey. It was formerly used to produce an eponymous crimson carmine dyestuff known in Armenia as vordan karmir (Armenian ...
Polish cochineal (Porphyrophora polonica, Margarodes polonicus), also known as Polish carmine scales (Polish: czerwiec polski), is a scale insect formerly used to produce a crimson dye of the same name, colloquially known as "Saint John's blood". The larvae of P. polonica are sessile parasites living on the roots of various herbs – especially ...
History of red. The color red is the longest wavelength of light discernable to the human eye, with a range of between 620 and 750 nanometers. Red was commonly the first color term added to languages after the colors of black and white. As well as this, the color was the first color to be used by humans.