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Economics. In economics, the Gini coefficient (/ ˈdʒiːni / JEE-nee), also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income inequality, the wealth inequality, or the consumption inequality [3] within a nation or a social group. It was developed by Italian statistician and ...
Income inequality metrics. Income inequality metrics or income distribution metrics are used by social scientists to measure the distribution of income and economic inequality among the participants in a particular economy, such as that of a specific country or of the world in general. While different theories may try to explain how income ...
Atkinson index. The Atkinson index (also known as the Atkinson measure or Atkinson inequality measure) is a measure of income inequality developed by British economist Anthony Barnes Atkinson. The measure is useful in determining which end of the distribution contributed most to the observed inequality. [1]
Mean log deviation. In statistics and econometrics, the mean log deviation (MLD) is a measure of income inequality. The MLD is zero when everyone has the same income, and takes larger positive values as incomes become more unequal, especially at the high end.
The Foster–Greer–Thorbecke indices are a family of poverty metrics. The most commonly used index from the family, FGT2, puts higher weight on the poverty of the poorest individuals, making it a combined measure of poverty and income inequality and a popular choice within development economics. The indices were introduced in a 1984 paper by ...
Theil index. The Theil index is a statistic primarily used to measure economic inequality [1] and other economic phenomena, though it has also been used to measure racial segregation. [2][3] The Theil index TT is the same as redundancy in information theory which is the maximum possible entropy of the data minus the observed entropy.
The coefficient of variation fulfills the requirements for a measure of economic inequality. [20] [21] [22] If x (with entries x i) is a list of the values of an economic indicator (e.g. wealth), with x i being the wealth of agent i, then the following requirements are met: Anonymity – c v is independent of the ordering of the list x.
Chebyshev's inequality. In probability theory, Chebyshev's inequality (also called the Bienaymé–Chebyshev inequality) provides an upper bound on the probability of deviation of a random variable (with finite variance) from its mean. More specifically, the probability that a random variable deviates from its mean by more than is at most ...