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2. Farey sequence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farey_sequence

   For every fraction ⁠ p / q ⁠ (in its lowest terms) there is a Ford circle C[⁠ p / q ⁠], which is the circle with radius 1/(2q 2) and centre at (⁠ p / q ⁠, ⁠ 1 / 2q 2 ⁠). Two Ford circles for different fractions are either disjoint or they are tangent to one another—two Ford circles never intersect.

3. Continued fraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continued_fraction

   Continued fraction. A finite regular continued fraction, where is a non-negative integer, is an integer, and is a positive integer, for . In mathematics, a continued fraction is an expression obtained through an iterative process of representing a number as the sum of its integer part and the reciprocal of another number, then writing this ...

4. Sine and cosine - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_and_cosine

   In mathematics, sine and cosine are trigonometric functions of an angle.The sine and cosine of an acute angle are defined in the context of a right triangle: for the specified angle, its sine is the ratio of the length of the side that is opposite that angle to the length of the longest side of the triangle (the hypotenuse), and the cosine is the ratio of the length of the adjacent leg to that ...

5. Rhind Mathematical Papyrus - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhind_Mathematical_Papyrus

   The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus (RMP; also designated as papyrus British Museum 10057, pBM 10058, and Brooklyn Museum 37.1784Ea-b) is one of the best known examples of ancient Egyptian mathematics. It is one of two well-known mathematical papyri, along with the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus. The Rhind Papyrus is the larger, but younger, of the two..

6. Chaos game - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_game

   In mathematics, the term chaos game originally referred to a method of creating a fractal, using a polygon and an initial point selected at random inside it. [1][2] The fractal is created by iteratively creating a sequence of points, starting with the initial random point, in which each point in the sequence is a given fraction of the distance ...

7. Tower of Hanoi - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_Hanoi

   The Tower of Hanoi (also called The problem of Benares Temple [1] or Tower of Brahma or Lucas' Tower [2] and sometimes pluralized as Towers, or simply pyramid puzzle [3]) is a mathematical game or puzzle consisting of three rods and a number of disks of various diameters, which can slide onto any rod.