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  2. Natural material - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_material

    A natural material is any product or physical matter that comes from plants, animals, or the ground which is not man-made. [1] [2] Minerals and the metals that can be extracted from them (without further modification) are also considered to belong into this category. Natural materials are used as building materials and clothing. Types include:

  3. Non-timber forest product - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-timber_forest_product

    Non-wood forest products (NWFPs) [2] are a subset of NTFP; they exclude woodfuel and wood charcoal. Both NWFP and NTFP include wild foods. Worldwide, around 1 billion people depend to some extent on wild foods such as wild meat, edible insects, edible plant products, mushrooms and fish, which often contain high levels of key micronutrients. [4]

  4. Tree-free paper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree-free_paper

    Fiber crops and wild plants: Common sources are bamboo, kenaf, hemp, [6] Coir, [7] [8] jute, coffee husk, corn husk, lemongrass, rice stubble, spent barley and flax Textile and cordage wastes: Upcycling textile fibers also contribute to tree-free paper production.

  5. Natural rubber - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_rubber

    A good tapper can tap a tree every 20 seconds on a standard half-spiral system, and a common daily "task" size is between 450 and 650 trees. Trees are usually tapped on alternate or third days, although many variations in timing, length and number of cuts are used. "Tappers would make a slash in the bark with a small hatchet.

  6. New World crops - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_World_crops

    New World crops are those crops, food and otherwise, that are native to the New World (mostly the Americas) and were not found in the Old World before 1492 AD. Many of these crops are now grown around the world and have often become an integral part of the cuisine of various cultures in the Old World.

  7. Thorns, spines, and prickles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorns,_spines,_and_prickles

    Prickles on a blackberry branch. In plant morphology, thorns, spines, and prickles, and in general spinose structures (sometimes called spinose teeth or spinose apical processes), are hard, rigid extensions or modifications of leaves, roots, stems, or buds with sharp, stiff ends, and generally serve the same function: physically defending plants against herbivory.

  8. Organic matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_matter

    There are several ways to quickly increase the amount of humus. Combining compost, plant or animal materials/waste, or green manure with soil will increase the amount of humus in the soil. Compost: decomposed organic material. Plant and animal material and waste: dead plants or plant waste such as leaves or bush and tree trimmings, or animal ...

  9. Bark (botany) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bark_(botany)

    The bark of Pinus thunbergii is made up of countless shiny layers. Bark is the outermost layer of stems and roots of woody plants. Plants with bark include trees, woody vines, and shrubs. Bark refers to all the tissues outside the vascular cambium and is a nontechnical term. [1] It overlays the wood and consists of the inner bark and the outer ...