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A galea (, from Greek γαλέη, galéē, "weasel, marten") [1] was a Roman soldier's metal helmet, most famously worn by the heavy infantry of the legions. Some gladiators , specifically murmillo ( myrmillo ), also wore bronze galeae with face masks and decorations, often a fish on its crest. [ 2 ]
The Montefortino helmet was a type of Celtic, and later Roman, military helmet used from around 300 BC through the 1st century AD with continuing modifications. This helmet type is named after the region of Montefortino ( frazione of Arcevia ) in Italy , where a Montefortino helmet was first uncovered in a Celtic burial.
Examples of items of Roman military personal armour included: Galea or soldier's helmet. Variant forms included the Coolus helmet, Montefortino helmet, and Imperial helmet. Greaves, to protect the legs. Lorica , including: Lorica hamata (mail armour) Lorica manica (arm guards) Lorica plumata (a form of scale armour resembling feathers)
Roman helmets, galea or cassis, varied greatly in form. One of the earliest types was the Montefortino helmet used by the Republic armies up to the 1st century BC. This was replaced directly by the Coolus helmet , which "raised the neck peak to eye level and set a sturdy frontal peak to the brow of the helmet". [ 30 ]
The helmet is dated to the first half of the first century AD, based on the style of the acanthus scroll on the back of the helmet, and other objects found with the helmet and in the tombs nearby. [ 45 ] [ 46 ] It is the earliest known Roman helmet with a face mask, and is broadly classified as a cavalry sports helmet—type D, according to the ...
The Coolus helmet (named for Coolus, France) was a type of ancient Celtic and Roman helmet popular in the 1st century BCE. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It was typically made in bronze or brass and, [ 3 ] like the Montefortino type with which it co-existed, was a descendant of Celtic helmet types.
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