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  2. Astronaut ranks and positions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions

    Astronaut Candidate is the rank of those training to be NASA astronauts. Upon graduation from training, candidates are promoted to Astronaut and receive their Astronaut Pin. The pin is issued in two grades, silver and gold, with the silver pin awarded to candidates who have successfully completed astronaut training and the gold pin to ...

  3. Astronaut - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronaut

    NASA astronaut Bruce McCandless II using a Manned Maneuvering Unit outside Space Shuttle Challenger on shuttle mission STS-41-B in 1984 An astronaut (from the Ancient Greek ἄστρον (astron), meaning 'star', and ναύτης (nautes), meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member aboard a spacecraft ...

  4. Astronomer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomer

    Historically, astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky, while astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena and the differences between them using physical laws. Today, that distinction has mostly disappeared and the terms "astronomer" and "astrophysicist" are interchangeable.

  5. United States astronaut badges - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_astronaut_badges

    United States astronaut badges are the various badges of the United States which are awarded to military and civilian personnel of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the various child departments of the Department of Defense, or a private space-faring entity, who have performed (or in some cases, completed training for) a spaceflight.

  6. NASA Astronaut Corps - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps

    The astronaut's grade is based on the astronaut's academic achievements and experience. [3] Astronauts can be promoted up to grade GS-15. [ 4 ] As of 2015, astronauts based at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, earn between $66,026 (GS-11 step 1) and $158,700 (GS-15 step 8 and above). [ 5 ]

  7. Astrology and astronomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology_and_astronomy

    Astrology and astronomy were archaically treated together (Latin: astrologia), but gradually distinguished through the Late Middle Ages [1] into the Age of Reason. Developments in 17th century philosophy resulted in astrology and astronomy operating as independent pursuits by the 18th century.

  8. Astrophysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysics

    Astrophysics is a science that employs the methods and principles of physics and chemistry in the study of astronomical objects and phenomena. [1] [2] As one of the founders of the discipline, James Keeler, said, astrophysics "seeks to ascertain the nature of the heavenly bodies, rather than their positions or motions in space—what they are, rather than where they are", [3] which is studied ...

  9. Overview effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overview_effect

    White's astronaut interviews confirmed the importance of the difference between intellectual knowledge versus experience, of perceiving the "striking thinness of the atmosphere", of thinking of ourselves interconnected and part of the Earth as an organic system, and that we as different people "are all in this together". [9]