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In fact, both NAND and NOR gates are so-called "universal gates" and any logical function can be constructed from either NAND logic or NOR logic alone. If the four NOR gates are replaced by NAND gates, this results in an XOR gate, which can be converted to an XNOR gate by inverting the output or one of the inputs (e.g. with a fifth NAND gate).
An XNOR gate is made by considering the disjunctive normal form + ¯ ¯, noting from de Morgan's law that a NAND gate is an inverted-input OR gate. This construction entails a propagation delay three times that of a single NAND gate and uses five gates.
The 3-input Fredkin gate is functionally complete reversible gate by itself – a sole sufficient operator. There are many other three-input universal logic gates, such as the Toffoli gate. In quantum computing, the Hadamard gate and the T gate are universal, albeit with a slightly more restrictive definition than that of functional completeness.
quad 2-input NAND gate Schmitt trigger 14 SN74LS132: 74x133 1 single 13-input NAND gate 16 SN74ALS133: 74x134 1 single 12-input NAND gate three-state: 16 SN74S134: 74x135 4 quad XOR/XNOR gate, two inputs to select logic type 16 SN74S135: 74x136 4 quad 2-input XOR gate: open-collector 14 SN74LS136: 74x137 1
While the Implication gate isn't functionally complete by itself, it is in conjunction with the constant 0 source. This can be shown via the following: := = =. Thus as the implication gate with the addition of the constant 0 source can create both the NOT gate and the OR gate, it can create the NOR gate, which is a universal gate.
There are essentially seven basic logic functions implemented as logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR. A chaotic morphing logic gate consists of a generic nonlinear circuit that exhibits chaotic dynamics producing various patterns. A control mechanism is used to select patterns that correspond to different logic gates.
An AOI21 logic gate in CMOS using a complex gate (left) and standard gates (right) AND-OR-invert (AOI) and OAI gates can be readily implemented in CMOS circuitry. AOI gates are particularly advantaged in that the total number of transistors (or gates) is less than if the AND, NOT, and OR functions were implemented separately.
An XNOR gate is a basic comparator, because its output is "1" only if its two input bits are equal. The analog equivalent of digital comparator is the voltage comparator . Many microcontrollers have analog comparators on some of their inputs that can be read or trigger an interrupt .