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A polymer (/ ˈ p ɒ l ɪ m ər / [4] [5]) is a substance or material that consists of very large molecules, or macromolecules, that are constituted by many repeating subunits derived from one or more species of monomers. [6] Due to their broad spectrum of properties, [7] both synthetic and natural polymers play essential and ubiquitous roles ...
The plastic kits and covers are mostly made of synthetic polymers like polythene, and tires are manufactured from polybutadienes. [1] However, due to the environmental issues created by these synthetic polymers which are mostly non-biodegradable and often synthesized from petroleum, alternatives like bioplastics are also being considered. They ...
Biodegradable polymers have a long history, and since many are natural products, the precise timeline of their discovery and use cannot be accurately traced. One of the first medicinal uses of a biodegradable polymer was the catgut suture , which dates back to at least 100 AD. [ 4 ]
Thermosets, or thermosetting polymers, can melt and take shape only once: after they have solidified, they stay solid and retain their shape permanently. [16] If reheated, thermosets decompose rather than melt. Examples of thermosets include epoxy resin, polyimide, and Bakelite. The vulcanization of rubber is an example of this process.
Polysaccharides are linear or branched chains of sugar carbohydrates; examples include starch, cellulose, and alginate. Other examples of biopolymers include natural rubbers (polymers of isoprene), suberin and lignin (complex polyphenolic polymers), cutin and cutan (complex polymers of long-chain fatty acids), melanin, and polyhydroxyalkanoates ...
Synthetic polymers are ubiquitous in commercial materials and products in everyday use, such as plastics, and rubbers, and are major components of composite materials. Polymer chemistry can also be included in the broader fields of polymer science or even nanotechnology , both of which can be described as encompassing polymer physics and ...
Artificial polymer: human-made polymer that is not a biopolymer Synthetic biopolymers are human-made copies of biopolymers obtained by abiotic chemical routes. [ 1 ] Synthetic biopolymer of different chemical nature have been obtained, including polysaccharides , [ 2 ] glycoproteins , [ 3 ] peptides and proteins , [ 4 ] [ 5 ...
[1] [2] [59] [60] Natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers have been used to create such scaffolds. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Simon, in a 1988 NIH SBIR grant report, showed that electrospinning could be used to produce nano- and submicron-scale polystyrene and polycarbonate fibrous mats specifically intended for use as in vitro cell substrates.
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