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The Harris–Benedict equation (also called the Harris-Benedict principle) is a method used to estimate an individual's basal metabolic rate (BMR).. The estimated BMR value may be multiplied by a number that corresponds to the individual's activity level; the resulting number is the approximate daily kilocalorie intake to maintain current body weight.
"The primary factors that determine how many calories someone needs include birth sex, age, genetics, body size, and daily activity level,” says Anya Rosen, M.S., R.D., a New York-based dietitian.
They make up a large part of foods such as rice, noodles, bread, and other grain-based products, [14] [15] but they are not an essential nutrient, meaning a human does not need to eat carbohydrates. [ 16 ]
Formulas have been devised to estimate energy expenditure in humans, but they may not be accurate for people with certain illnesses [13] [14] [15] or the elderly. [16] Not all formula are accurate in overweight or obese individuals. [17] Wearable devices can help estimate energy expenditure from physical activity but their accuracy varies. [18]
The basal metabolic rate accounts for about 70% of the daily calorie expenditure by individuals. It is influenced by several factors. In humans, BMR typically declines by 1–2% per decade after age 20, mostly due to loss of fat-free mass, [3] although the variability between individuals is high. [4]
According to the FAO, the average minimum daily energy requirement is approximately 8,400 kilojoules (2,000 kcal) per adult and 4,200 kilojoules (1,000 kcal) a child. [3] This data is presented in kilojoules, as most countries today use the SI unit kilojoules as their primary measurement for food energy intake, [ 4 ] with the exception of the ...
Kleiber's plot comparing body size to metabolic rate for a variety of species. [1]Kleiber's law, named after Max Kleiber for his biology work in the early 1930s, states, after many observations that, for a vast number of animals, an animal's Basal Metabolic Rate scales to the 3 ⁄ 4 power of the animal's mass.
Some such comparisons can be the glycemic index and the overall nutritional quality index. When the density is defined in proportion to energy contents, nutrient-dense foods such as meats, fruits and vegetables are the opposite of energy-dense food (also called "empty calorie" food), such as alcohol and foods high in added sugar or processed ...