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For frozen precipitation, a trace can indicate a very light accumulation, or it can indicate a larger amount of snowfall, ice pellets (called "sleet" in the United States), or other frozen precipitation that is continuously melting as it hits the ground. [2] A trace of snow is sometimes referred to as a "dusting". [3]
Environment Canada reports a chance of precipitation (COP) that is defined as "The chance that measurable precipitation (0.2 mm of rain or 0.2 cm of snow) will fall on any random point of the forecast region during the forecast period." [7] The values are rounded to 10% increments, but are never rounded to 50%. [8]
Within the WPC tropical program, the lead forecaster on shift, who prepares the day 1 QPF, is to provide the rainfall statement for tropical cyclones that are expected to make landfall. This statement is included in the Public Advisory issued by the NHC, and is a forecast of expected rainfall amounts that will occur with the tropical cyclone. [12]
The quantitative precipitation forecast (abbreviated QPF) is the expected amount of melted precipitation accumulated over a specified time period over a specified area. [1] A QPF will be created when precipitation amounts reaching a minimum threshold are expected during the forecast's valid period.
During El Niño events, precipitation averages about 10 percent above normal, while La Niña events lead to precipitation amounts which average close to 10 percent below normal. [79] Pago Pago harbor in American Samoa has the highest annual rainfall of any harbor in the world. [80] This is due to the nearby Rainmaker Mountain. [80]
The Quantitative Precipitation Forecast (abbreviated QPF) is the expected amount of liquid precipitation accumulated over a specified time over a specified area. [115] A QPF will be specified when a measurable precipitation type reaching a minimum threshold is forecast for any hour during a QPF valid period.
Rainfall in these regions averages between 300 and 600 millimeters (11.8 and 23.6 in) per year, with lower amounts across Baja California Norte. Average rainfall totals are between 600 and 1,000 millimeters (23.6 and 39.4 in) in most of the major populated areas of the southern altiplano, including Mexico City and Guadalajara.
Standard National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration rain gauge. A rain gauge (also known as udometer, pluviometer, ombrometer, and hyetometer) is an instrument used by meteorologists and hydrologists to gather and measure the amount of liquid precipitation in a predefined area, over a set period of time. [1]