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In organic chemistry, organophosphates (also known as phosphate esters, or OPEs) are a class of organophosphorus compounds with the general structure O=P(OR) 3, a central phosphate molecule with alkyl or aromatic substituents. [1] They can be considered as esters of phosphoric acid. Organophosphates are best known for their use as pesticides.
See the general structure image of an ortho- (or mono-) phosphate ester below on the left, where any of the R groups can be a hydrogen or an organic radical. Di- and tripoly- (or tri-) phosphate esters, etc. are also possible.
Phosphate esters have the general structure P(=O)(OR) 3 feature P(V). Such species are of technological importance as flame retardant agents, and plasticizers. Lacking a P−C bond, these compounds are in the technical sense not organophosphorus compounds but esters of phosphoric acid. Many derivatives are found in nature, such as ...
The 5' end has a 5' carbon attached to a phosphate, and the other end, the 3' end, has a 3' carbon attached to a hydroxyl group. In chemistry, a phosphodiester bond occurs when exactly two of the hydroxyl groups (−OH) in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form two ester bonds.
Trixylyl phosphate (TXP) is an aromatic phosphate ester. It was historically used as a flame retardant for acetate plastics (cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate) and PVC. It also saw significant use as a fire-resistant hydraulic fluid. Trixylyl phosphate is now banned or restricted in several jurisdictions, due to its poor safety profile.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) is the chemical compound with the formula OP(OC 6 H 5) 3. It is the simplest aromatic organophosphate. This colourless solid is the ester (triester) of phosphoric acid and phenol. It is used as a plasticizer and a fire retardant in a wide variety of settings and products. [3]
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA or HDEHP) is an organophosphorus compound with the formula (C 8 H 17 O) 2 PO 2 H. The colorless liquid is a diester of phosphoric acid and 2-ethylhexanol . It is used in the solvent extraction of uranium , vanadium and the rare-earth metals .
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