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As a result, there is a definite small drift velocity of electrons, which is superimposed on the random motion of free electrons. Due to this drift velocity, there is a net flow of electrons opposite to the direction of the field. The drift speed of electrons is generally in the order of 10-3 meters per second whereas the thermal speed is on ...
When an electric field E is applied across a piece of material, the electrons respond by moving with an average velocity called the drift velocity, . Then the electron mobility μ is defined as =. Electron mobility is almost always specified in units of cm 2 /(V⋅s).
The drift velocity deals with the average velocity of a particle, such as an electron, due to an electric field. In general, an electron will propagate randomly in a conductor at the Fermi velocity. [5] Free electrons in a conductor follow a random path. Without the presence of an electric field, the electrons have no net velocity.
The drift velocity is the average velocity of the charge carriers in the drift current. The drift velocity, and resulting current, is characterized by the mobility; for details, see electron mobility (for solids) or electrical mobility (for a more general discussion). See drift–diffusion equation for the way that the drift current, diffusion ...
The drift velocity is = Because of the mass dependence, the gravitational drift for the electrons can normally be ignored. The dependence on the charge of the particle implies that the drift direction is opposite for ions as for electrons, resulting in a current.
In other words, the electrical mobility of the particle is defined as the ratio of the drift velocity to the magnitude of the electric field: =. For example, the mobility of the sodium ion (Na +) in water at 25 °C is 5.19 × 10 −8 m 2 /(V·s). [1]
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The simplest analysis of the Drude model assumes that electric field E is both uniform and constant, and that the thermal velocity of electrons is sufficiently high such that they accumulate only an infinitesimal amount of momentum dp between collisions, which occur on average every τ seconds.