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A typical lithium-ion battery can generate approximately 3 volts per cell, compared with 2.1 volts for lead-acid and 1.5 volts for zinc-carbon. Lithium-ion batteries, which are rechargeable and have a high energy density, differ from lithium metal batteries, which are disposable batteries with lithium or its compounds as the anode.
A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses the reversible intercalation of Li + ions into electronically conducting solids to store energy. In comparison with other commercial rechargeable batteries, Li-ion batteries are characterized by higher specific energy, higher energy density, higher energy efficiency, a longer cycle life, and a longer calendar life.
The net charge of an ion is not zero because its total number of electrons is unequal to its total number of protons. A cation is a positively charged ion with fewer electrons than protons [2] (e.g. K + (potassium ion)) while an anion is a negatively charged ion with more electrons than protons. [3] (e.g. Cl − (chloride ion) and OH − ...
They form various types of oxides, such as simple oxides (containing the O 2− ion), peroxides (containing the O 2− 2 ion, where there is a single bond between the two oxygen atoms), superoxides (containing the O − 2 ion), and many others. Lithium burns in air to form lithium oxide, but sodium reacts with oxygen to form a mixture of sodium ...
Examples include the lead–acid batteries used in vehicles and lithium-ion batteries used for portable electronics such as laptops and mobile phones. Batteries come in many shapes and sizes, from miniature cells used to power hearing aids and wristwatches to, at the largest extreme, huge battery banks the size of rooms that provide standby or ...
Atomic numbers (Z) are a special case of charge numbers, referring to the charge number of an atomic nucleus, as opposed to the net charge of an atom or ion. The charge numbers for ions (and also subatomic particles ) are written in superscript, e.g., Na + is a sodium ion with charge number positive one (an electric charge of one elementary ...
Depending on the design and chemical compounds used, lithium cells can produce voltages from 1.5 V (comparable to a zinc–carbon or alkaline battery) to about 3.7 V. Disposable primary lithium batteries must be distinguished from secondary lithium-ion or a lithium-polymer, [3] which are rechargeable batteries
A 1 indicates the basis of negative electrode phase, where I is for lithium ion and L is for lithium metal or alloy. A 2 indicates the basis of positive electrode phase, and could be C, N, M, V or T for cobalt, nickel, manganese, vanadium and titanium respectively. A 3 is for the shape of the cell; either R for cylinder or P for prism.