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Sino-Japanese vocabulary, also known as kango (Japanese: 漢語, pronounced, "Han words"), is a subset of Japanese vocabulary that originated in Chinese or was created from elements borrowed from Chinese. Most Sino-Japanese words were borrowed in the 5th–9th centuries AD, from Early Middle Chinese into Old Japanese. Some grammatical ...
Wasei-kango (Japanese: 和製漢語, "Japanese-made Chinese words") are those words in the Japanese language composed of Chinese morphemes but invented in Japan rather than borrowed from China. Such terms are generally written using kanji and read according to the on'yomi pronunciations of the characters.
Similarly, in the chữ Nôm script used for Vietnamese until the early 20th century, some Chinese characters could represent both a Sino-Vietnamese word and a native Vietnamese word with similar meaning or sound to the Chinese word, but would often be marked with a diacritic when the native reading was intended. [19]
The Dai Kan-Wa Jiten is intended for reading Chinese and does not cover Japanese words created since the Meiji era. This is the format for main character entries: Pronunciations, in Sino-Japanese borrowings , Middle Chinese with every fanqie spelling and rime dictionary category listed in the Jiyun , and Modern Standard Chinese in the Zhuyin ...
Gairaigo are Japanese words originating from, or based on, foreign-language, generally Western, terms.These include wasei-eigo (Japanese pseudo-anglicisms).Many of these loanwords derive from Portuguese, due to Portugal's early role in Japanese-Western interaction; Dutch, due to the Netherlands' relationship with Japan amidst the isolationist policy of sakoku during the Edo period; and from ...
In Chinese, most characters are associated with a single Chinese sound, though there are distinct literary and colloquial readings.However, some homographs (多音字) such as 行 (Mandarin: háng or xíng, Japanese: an, gō, gyō) have more than one reading in Chinese representing different meanings, which is reflected in the carryover to Japanese as well.
The Japanese yojijukugo are closely related to the Chinese chengyu, in that a great many of the former are adopted from the latter and have the same or similar meaning as in Chinese. [2] Many other yojijukugo, however, are Japanese in origin. Some examples of these indigenous Japanese four-character idioms are:
The following three examples show that the meaning of the idiom can be totally different by only changing one character. 一 (yí) 日 (rì) 千 (qiān) 秋 (qiū) : "One day, a thousand autumns." Meaning: implies rapid changes; one day equals a thousand years; 一 (yí) 日 (rì) 千 (qiān) 里 (lǐ) : "One day, a thousand miles."