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  2. Human body weight - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_body_weight

    Human body weight is a person's mass or weight.. Strictly speaking, body weight is the measurement of mass without items located on the person. Practically though, body weight may be measured with clothes on, but without shoes or heavy accessories such as mobile phones and wallets, and using manual or digital weighing scales.

  3. Probability density function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_density_function

    This normalization factor is outside the kernel of the distribution. Since the parameters are constants, reparametrizing a density in terms of different parameters to give a characterization of a different random variable in the family, means simply substituting the new parameter values into the formula in place of the old ones.

  4. Normalization (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalization_(statistics)

    In the simplest cases, normalization of ratings means adjusting values measured on different scales to a notionally common scale, often prior to averaging. In more complicated cases, normalization may refer to more sophisticated adjustments where the intention is to bring the entire probability distributions of adjusted values into alignment.

  5. Normal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution

    The simplest case of a normal distribution is known as the standard normal distribution or unit normal distribution. This is a special case when μ = 0 {\textstyle \mu =0} and σ 2 = 1 {\textstyle \sigma ^{2}=1} , and it is described by this probability density function (or density): φ ( z ) = e − z 2 2 2 π . {\displaystyle \varphi (z ...

  6. Gaussian function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_function

    Some examples include: In statistics and probability theory, Gaussian functions appear as the density function of the normal distribution, which is a limiting probability distribution of complicated sums, according to the central limit theorem.

  7. Multiplicity (statistical mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicity_(statistical...

    A simplified model of the two-state paramagnet provides an example of the process of calculating the multiplicity of particular macrostate. [1] This model consists of a system of N microscopic dipoles μ which may either be aligned or anti-aligned with an externally applied magnetic field B .

  8. Normal force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_force

    Figure 2: Weight (W), the frictional force (F r), and the normal force (F n) acting on a block.Weight is the product of mass (m) and the acceleration of gravity (g).In the case of an object resting upon a flat table (unlike on an incline as in Figures 1 and 2), the normal force on the object is equal but in opposite direction to the gravitational force applied on the object (or the weight of ...

  9. Normalizing constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalizing_constant

    If we start from the simple Gaussian function = /, (,) we have the corresponding Gaussian integral = / =,. Now if we use the latter's reciprocal value as a normalizing constant for the former, defining a function () as = = / so that its integral is unit = / = then the function () is a probability density function. [3]