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The artificial solution described by Dennis Hoagland in 1933, [1] known as Hoagland solution (0), has been modified several times, mainly to add ferric chelates to keep iron effectively in solution, [6] and to optimize the composition and concentration of other trace elements, some of which are not generally credited with a function in plant nutrition. [7]
The soil's pH also has a strong effect on the amount of volatilization. Specifically, highly alkaline soils (pH~8.2 or higher) have proven to increase urea hydrolysis. One study has shown complete hydrolysis of urea within two days of application on such soils. In acidic soils (pH 5.2) the urea took twice as long to hydrolyze. [7]
Urea phosphate is a 1:1 combination of urea and phosphoric acid that is used as a fertilizer. It has an NPK formula of 17-44-0, [ 1 ] and is soluble in water, producing a strongly acidic solution. Urea phosphate is available in fertilizer vendor bags that carry a UP signet on the packaging.
Soil acidification refers to the process by which the pH level of soil becomes more acidic over time. Soil pH is a measure of the soil's acidity or alkalinity and is determined on a scale from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. A pH value below 7 indicates acidic soil, while a pH value above 7 indicates alkaline or basic soil.
When applied as plant fertilizer, it temporarily increases the soil pH, but over a long term the treated ground becomes more acidic than before, upon nitrification of the ammonium. It is incompatible with alkaline chemicals because its ammonium ion is more likely to convert to ammonia in a high-pH environment. The average pH in solution is 7.5 ...
Large-scale agricultural use of synthetic fertilizer depletes soil fertility and increases water hardness over time, so recent trends in agricultural development are following an organic approach to sustain food production through improved soil management and bio-fertilization techniques.
This necessitates careful monitoring and management of soil pH to prevent long-term soil degradation. [ 15 ] Production and transport produce significant quantities of CO 2 amounting in some estimates to 1.2kg/kg for the manufacture of superphosphate and 238 g/kg for transport. [ 16 ]
Using fertilizers increases nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and potassium in the soil. The use of fertilizers influences soil pH and often acidifies soils, with the exception of potassium fertilizer. [23] Fertilizers can be organic or synthetic. Using a perennial grain crop such as Thinopyrum intermedium.
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