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Histopathology of shock liver, showing its hallmark [1] pathologic finding centrilobular necrosis but viable periportal hepatocytes. H&E stain. The necrotic hepatocytes have barely discernible nuclei. Symptoms: Mental confusion [2] Causes: Heart failure, Infection [3] Diagnostic method: Doppler ultrasound, Blood test [3] Treatment
Person with cirrhosis and associated pain in the right upper region of the abdomen. Cirrhosis can take quite a long time to develop, and symptoms may be slow to emerge. [13] Some early symptoms include tiredness, weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss, and nausea. [13] Early signs may also include redness on the palms known as palmar erythema ...
[5] [27] In some cases, it can cause symptoms related to liver dysfunction such as fatigue, malaise, and dull right-upper-quadrant abdominal discomfort. Mild yellow discoloration of the skin may occur, although this is rare. [28] MASH can severely impair liver function, leading to cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer. [5]
Oxidative DNA damage is mutagenic [27] and also causes epigenetic alterations at the sites of DNA repair. [28] Epigenetic alterations and mutations affect the cellular machinery that may cause the cell to replicate at a higher rate or result in the cell avoiding apoptosis , and thus contribute to liver disease. [ 29 ]
The complications are hepatic encephalopathy and impaired protein synthesis (as measured by the levels of serum albumin and the prothrombin time in the blood). The 1993 classification defines hyperacute as within 1 week, acute as 8–28 days, and subacute as 4–12 weeks; [ 1 ] both the speed with which the disease develops and the underlying ...
Signs and symptoms depend largely upon the primary lesions giving rise to the condition. In addition to the heart or lung symptoms, there will be a sense of fullness and tenderness in the right hypochondriac region. Gastrointestinal catarrh is usually present, and vomiting of blood may occur. There is usually more or less jaundice.
[19] [20] As the inflammation progresses, patients can develop constitutional symptoms similar to acute hepatitis, including fatigue, nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, and joint pain. [20] Jaundice can occur as well, but much later in the disease process and is typically a sign of advanced disease. [ 20 ]
[4] [9] The symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy may also arise from other conditions, such as bleeding in the brain and seizures (both of which are more common in chronic liver disease). A CT scan of the brain may be required to exclude bleeding in the brain, and if seizure activity is suspected an electroencephalograph (EEG) study may be ...