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This is a list of all cities and settlements in Kazakhstan with a population of at least fifty thousand people as of official population estimates in 2023. The three largest cities are Almaty, Astana (the national capital), and Shymkent; as cities of republican significance, they are administratively independent and belong to no region.
Provinces and main cities of Kazakhstan. The following is a list of cities with more than 50,000 ... 2025, the share of Kazakhstan's urban population is 63%. [1] List
Official estimates put the population of Kazakhstan at 20,182,003 as of August 2024, of which 62.7% is urban and 37.3% is rural population. [13] In a report released by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) in September 2021, the level of urbanization in Kazakhstan is estimated to reach 69.1% by 2050.
Almaty, [a] formerly Alma-Ata, [b] is the largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population exceeding two million residents within its metropolitan area. [8] Located in the foothills of the Trans-Ili Alatau mountains in southern Kazakhstan, near the border with Kyrgyzstan, Almaty stands as a pivotal center of culture, commerce, finance and innovation.
Astana, [a] formerly known as Nur-Sultan, Akmolinsk, Tselinograd, and Akmola, [15] is the capital city of Kazakhstan. With a population of 1,350,228 within the city limits, it is the second-largest in the country after Almaty, which had been the capital until 1997. [16]
In 2013, Kazakhstan's population rose to 17,280,000 with a 1.7 percent growth rate over the past year according to the Kazakhstan Statistics Agency. [ 228 ] The 2009 population estimate is 6.8 percent higher than the population reported in the last census from January 1999.
Atyrau is a transcontinental city, at the mouth of the Ural River on the Caspian Sea, between Europe and Asia, 2,700 kilometres (1,700 miles) west of Almaty and 351 kilometres (218 miles) east of the Russian city of Astrakhan. Atyrau is famous for its oil and gas industries. It has a population of 355,117 as of 2020.
The four cities, Almaty, Baikonur, Shymkent, and the capital city Astana, do not belong to their surrounding regions. Initially there were 14 regions. On 16 March 2022, Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev announced that three new regions would be created. [1] Abai Region was created from East Kazakhstan Region with its capital in Semey.