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Hematospermia (also known as haematospermia, hemospermia, or haemospermia) is the presence of blood in the ejaculate. It is most often a benign symptom. [1] Among men age 40 or older, hematospermia is a slight predictor of cancer, typically prostate cancer. [2] No specific cause is found in up to 70% of cases. [3]
Prostate biopsy is a procedure in which small hollow needle-core samples are removed from a man's prostate gland to be examined for the presence of prostate cancer. It is typically performed when the result from a PSA blood test is high. [ 1 ]
For men over 64 with prostate cancer limited to the pelvis, using fewer, larger doses of radiation (hypofractionation) results in similar overall survival rates. [28] The risk of dying from prostate cancer or having acute bladder side effects may be similar to that of longer radiation treatment. [28]
Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in men in over half of the world's countries, and the leading cause of cancer death in men in around a quarter of countries. [91] Prostate cancer is rare in those under 40 years old, [92] and most cases occur in those over 60 years, [2] with the average person diagnosed at 67. [93]
Symptoms can include vague back or lower abdominal pain; pain of the penis, scrotum or peritoneum; painful ejaculation; blood in the semen on ejaculation; irritative and obstructive voiding symptoms; and impotence. [16] Infection may be due to sexually transmitted infections, as a complication of a procedure such as prostate biopsy. [9]
The Prostate Health Index (PHI) is a PSA-based blood test for early prostate cancer screening. It may be used to determine when a biopsy is needed. [32] [46] Prostate cancer antigen 3 is a urine test that detects the overexpression of the PCA3 gene, an indicator of prostate cancer. [32] [46] [47] [44]
Certain medications can cause temporary increases or decreases in acid phosphatase levels. Manipulation of the prostate gland through massage, biopsy or rectal exam before a test may increase the level. Its physiological function may be associated with the liquefaction process of semen. [5]
[citation needed] While prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related death in American men, it is conservatively estimated that approximately 100,000 men per year in the United States who would be eligible for conservative treatment through active surveillance, undergo unnecessary treatments ...
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