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The geology of Ohio formed beginning more than one billion years ago in the Proterozoic eon of the Precambrian. The igneous and metamorphic crystalline basement rock is poorly understood except through deep boreholes and does not outcrop at the surface. The basement rock is divided between the Grenville Province and Superior Province.
The geologic layers that make up the Cincinnati Arch are most easily viewed at roadcuts. Roadcuts are common along highways throughout the arch's range and are often studied by geologists and paleontologists alike.
The core area also includes two privately owned preserves, Crane Hollow and Camp Oty-Okwa (owned by Big Brothers and Big Sisters of Central Ohio). The geological series that forms the Hocking Hills extends south and west, gradually diminishing but still forming impressive bluffs and gorges in:
The Ohio River at Cairo is 281,500 cu ft/s (7,960 m 3 /s); [1] and the Mississippi River at Thebes, Illinois, which is upstream of the confluence, is 208,200 cu ft/s (5,897 m 3 /s). [66] The Ohio River flow is greater than that of the Mississippi River, so hydrologically the Ohio River is the main stream of the river system.
The Cleveland Shale is a shale geologic formation in Ohio in the United States. The Cleveland Shale underlies much of northeast Ohio in beds of varying thickness. In northeast Ohio, the member does not appear east of the Grand River. [7] Measurements taken in northeast Ohio show the Cleveland Shale to be 7 feet (2.1 m) [7] to 100 feet (30 m ...
The Chagrin Shale is found in north-central and northeastern Ohio, and in northwestern Pennsylvania. [7] The Chagrin Shale reaches a maximum thickness of 1,200 feet (370 m) in eastern Ohio. [7] In Ohio, the Chagrin Shale is thin in the west, [2] [3] and thickens as it proceeds east. [7] The Chagrin Shale also extends south into West Virginia. [9]
Details of the type locality and of stratigraphic nomenclature for this unit as used by the U.S. Geological Survey are available on-line at the National Geologic Map Database. [3] The Bedford Shale in northern Ohio is a red, predominantly soft clay shale that grades to grayish-black near its base.
A geologic map or geological map is a special-purpose map made to show various geological features. ... Geological Map of Ohio from "Geography of Ohio", 1923.