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Neil Armstrong pilots the Apollo Lunar Module Eagle and lands himself and navigator Buzz Aldrin on the Moon, July 20, 1969. The first three lunar missions (Apollo 8, Apollo 10 , and Apollo 11) used a free return trajectory , keeping a flight path coplanar with the lunar orbit, which would allow a return to Earth in case the SM engine failed to ...
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Apollo 11 was the second American mission where all the crew members had prior spaceflight experience, [54] the first being Apollo 10. [55] The next was STS-26 in 1988. [54] Deke Slayton gave Armstrong the option to replace Aldrin with Lovell, since some thought Aldrin was difficult to work with. Armstrong had no issues working with Aldrin but ...
Apollo 13 was slated to be the third landing on the moon after Apollo 8 (1968) and Apollo 12 (1969). Launched on April 11, 1970, the crew was led by commander Lovell, along with command module ...
In addition, the three-person crews of Apollo 8 and Apollo 10 also entered lunar orbit, and the crew of Apollo 13 looped around the Moon on a free-return trajectory. All nine crewed missions to the Moon took place as part of the Apollo program over a period of just under four years, from 21 December 1968 to 19 December 1972.
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Apollo 13 was the second mission not to use a free-return trajectory, so that they could explore the western lunar regions. [97] Using the Apollo Lunar Module as a "life boat" providing battery power, oxygen, and propulsion, Lovell and his crew re-established the free return trajectory that they had left, and swung around the Moon to return ...
Buzz Aldrin (/ ˈ ɔː l d r ɪ n / AWL-drin; born Edwin Eugene Aldrin Jr.; January 20, 1930) is an American former astronaut, engineer and fighter pilot.He made three spacewalks as pilot of the 1966 Gemini 12 mission, and was the Lunar Module Eagle pilot on the 1969 Apollo 11 mission.