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2. Paired data - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paired_data

   For example, paired data can arise from measuring a single set of individuals at different points in time. [1] A clinical trial might record the blood pressure in a set of n patients before and after administering a medicine. In this case, the "before" and "after" data sets are paired, as each patient has a "before" measurement and an "after ...

3. Matching (statistics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matching_(statistics)

   In particular cases, simpler tests like paired difference test, McNemar test and Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test are available. When the outcome of interest is continuous, estimation of the average treatment effect is performed. Matching can also be used to "pre-process" a sample before analysis via another technique, such as regression ...

4. Experiment (probability theory) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiment_(probability...

   In probability theory, an experiment or trial (see below) is any procedure that can be infinitely repeated and has a well-defined set of possible outcomes, known as the sample space. [1] An experiment is said to be random if it has more than one possible outcome, and deterministic if it has only one.

5. Pairing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pairing

   A pairing can also be considered as an R-linear map: ⁡ (,), which matches the first definition by setting ():= (,). A pairing is called perfect if the above map Φ {\displaystyle \Phi } is an isomorphism of R -modules and the other evaluation map Φ ′ : N → Hom R ⁡ ( M , L ) {\displaystyle \Phi '\colon N\to \operatorname {Hom} _{R}(M,L ...

6. Free variables and bound variables - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_variables_and_bound...

   To give an example from mathematics, consider an expression which defines a function = [(, …,)] where t is an expression. t may contain some, all or none of the x 1, …, x n and it may contain other variables. In this case we say that function definition binds the variables x 1, …, x n.

7. List of mathematical examples - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical_examples

   This page will attempt to list examples in mathematics. To qualify for inclusion, an article should be about a mathematical object with a fair amount of concreteness. Usually a definition of an abstract concept, a theorem, or a proof would not be an "example" as the term should be understood here (an elegant proof of an isolated but particularly striking fact, as opposed to a proof of a ...