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The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), formed in 1973, [2] publishes the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI), [3] which is a neurological exam widely used to document sensory and motor impairments following spinal cord injury (SCI). [4] The ASIA assessment is the gold standard for ...
The bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR), bulbospongiosus reflex (BSR) or "Osinski reflex" is a polysynaptic reflex that is useful in testing for spinal shock and gaining information about the state of spinal cord injuries (SCI). Bulbocavernosus is an older term for bulbospongiosus, thus this reflex may also be referred to as the bulbospongiosus reflex.
Spinal cord injuries are classified as complete and incomplete by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification. The ASIA scale grades patients based on their functional impairment as a result of the injury, grading a patient from A to D. This has considerable consequences for surgical planning and therapy. [27]
In Pakistan, spinal cord injury is more common in males (92.68%) as compared to females in the 20–30 years of age group with a median age of 40 years, although people from 12–70 years of age suffered from spinal cord injury [73] Rates of injury are at their lowest in children, at their highest in the late teens to early twenties, then get ...
Brown-Séquard syndrome (also known as Brown-Séquard's hemiplegia, Brown-Séquard's paralysis, hemiparaplegic syndrome, hemiplegia et hemiparaplegia spinalis, or spinal hemiparaplegia) is caused by damage to one half of the spinal cord, i.e. hemisection of the spinal cord resulting in paralysis and loss of proprioception on the same (or ipsilateral) side as the injury or lesion, and loss of ...
This is important because most human spinal cord injuries are contusions (bruises) rather that the actual severing of the spinal cord. These injuries cause severe inflammation that is particularly ...
It may take place anytime after reflexes have returned following spinal shock. [5] Most people at risk develop their first episode within the first year after the injury. [17] There are many possible triggers of AD in patients who have had spinal cord injuries. The most common causative factor is bladder distention. [18]
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