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2. Standard deviation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation

   The mean and the standard deviation of a set of data are descriptive statistics usually reported together. In a certain sense, the standard deviation is a "natural" measure of statistical dispersion if the center of the data is measured about the mean. This is because the standard deviation from the mean is smaller than from any other point.

3. Deviation (statistics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deviation_(statistics)

   Plot of standard deviation of a random distribution. In mathematics and statistics, deviation serves as a measure to quantify the disparity between an observed value of a variable and another designated value, frequently the mean of that variable. Deviations with respect to the sample mean and the population mean (or " true value ") are called ...

4. Deviance (statistics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deviance_(statistics)

   Deviance (statistics) In statistics, deviance is a goodness-of-fit statistic for a statistical model; it is often used for statistical hypothesis testing. It is a generalization of the idea of using the sum of squares of residuals (SSR) in ordinary least squares to cases where model-fitting is achieved by maximum likelihood.

5. Statistical dispersion - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_dispersion

   In statistics, dispersion (also called variability, scatter, or spread) is the extent to which a distribution is stretched or squeezed. [1] Common examples of measures of statistical dispersion are the variance, standard deviation, and interquartile range. For instance, when the variance of data in a set is large, the data is widely scattered ...

6. Bessel's correction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessel's_correction

   Bessel's correction. In statistics, Bessel's correction is the use of n − 1 instead of n in the formula for the sample variance and sample standard deviation, [1] where n is the number of observations in a sample. This method corrects the bias in the estimation of the population variance. It also partially corrects the bias in the estimation ...

7. Threshold model - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threshold_model

   In the spirit of Granovetter's threshold model, the “threshold” is “the number or proportion of others who must make one decision before a given actor does so”. It is necessary to emphasize the determinants of threshold. Different individuals have different thresholds. Individuals' thresholds may be influenced by many factors: social ...